The occurrence of frostbite and its risk factors in young men

Ervasti, O; Juopperi, Kimmo; Kettunen, Päivi; Remes, Jouko; Rintamäki, Hannu; Latvala, Jari; Pihlajaniemi, Raimo; Linna, T. Juhani; Hassi, Juhani

doi:10.3402/ijch.v63i1.17650

Cited by 58 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Second, smoking is strongly addictive and increases the risk of cardiorespiratory and other diseases, including cancer 33. Third, altitude is accompanied by cold exposure and smoking increases the risk of frostbite 34. Fourth, smoking decreases exercise capacity 35.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, acute mountain sickness and altitude acclimatisation: a cohort study

Ding²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

Thorax

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RationaleThe relationship between cigarette smoking and acute mountain sickness (AMS) is not clear. Objective To assess AMS risk and altitude acclimatisation in relation to smoking. Methods 200 healthy non-smokers and 182 cigarette smokers were recruited from Han lowland workers. These were men without prior altitude exposure, matched for age, health status and occupation, who were transported to an altitude of 4525 masl. Measurements AMS, smoking habits, arterial saturation (SpO 2 ), haemoglobin (Hb), lung function and mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAPm) were assessed upon arrival and after 3 and 6 months. Main results Compared with non-smokers, smokers had a lower incidence of AMS and lower AMS scores than non-smokers upon arrival; higher Hb and PAPm associated with lower SpO 2 at 3 and 6 months at altitude; and lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s and maximal voluntary ventilation at 3 and 6 months. Conclusions Smoking slightly decreases the risk of AMS but impairs long-term altitude acclimatisation and lung function during a prolonged stay at high altitude.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, acute mountain sickness and altitude acclimatisation: a cohort study

Ding²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

Thorax

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“…Traditionally limited to military environments [1] and war times, a rising prevalence of severe cold damage can nowadays also be witnessed in the general population [2], usually in the case of homeless people with a history of alcohol abuse [3]. In addition, hostile working environments, for example cold-storage depots, accidental misuse of medical cold devices [4], and an increasing tendency to extreme outdoor activities further boost the frequency of severe frostbite [2,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Determination of Microcirculatory Changes and Angiogenesis in a Model of Frostbite Injury In Vivo

Goertz¹,

Baerreiter²,

Ring³

et al. 2011

Journal of Surgical Research

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“…Today, a high prevalence of severe cold damage can nowadays be found in the general population [1], work-related and among homeless people [2], whereas in the past mostly people in military environments were affected [3]. Especially an increasing tendency to extreme outdoor activities and a rising number of diabetes increases the frequency of severe frostbites [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%