The Occurrence of Escherichia coli in Groundwater of Bekasi City (Case Study: Jatiluhur, Sumur Batu, and Jatirangga Urban Villages)

Abstract

The self-supply of groundwater at the household level, and especially in densely populated areas, is vulnerable to fecal contamination. The aim of this study was to assess the level of fecal contamination in groundwater of three urban villages in Bekasi City that depend greatly on groundwater: Jatiluhur, Sumur Batu, and Jatirangga. Water samples were taken from 255 households with various types of water sources in the rainy season from February-March 2020. Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration was quantified with Colilert-18 using IDEXX Quanti-Tray/2000 based on Most Probable Number (MPN) method. E. coli levels were beyond the WHO standard and found in 60% of the sources; 24% were above 100 MPN/100 mL. The presence of E. coli in groundwater indicated a requirement for further treatment prior to the point of consumption and an urgent need to replace the water supply infrastructure for improved water sources.

Water Quality and Safety of Potable Water Wells in Gjakova Region, Kosovo

“…28 Also a very valuable study done in Bekasi City shows that contamination of well water has occurred in 24% of samples taken poses a very high risk of contamination with E.coli. 30 Based on another study done in 2018, it is clear that the presence of Escherichia coli is not detected in most of the analysis, but it was present in samples collected in the rainy season. 31 Presence of Escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus aureus was found as well in another study in Kenia with 36.8 % of the 20 surface water samples tested negative , but in 22.9% of the ground water sources were positive in this three bacteria.…”

Self-Supply Service Level Assessment as Drinking Water Source in Bekasi City (Case Study: Jatiluhur, Sumur Batu, and Jatirangga Villages)

“…A research by Maysarah, et. al [16] found that dug wells, specifically unprotected ones in urban villages, were easily contaminated. The results of the microbial contamination testing by checking the quality of E. coli contamination showed that only 31% of the boreholes were contaminated with E. coli, whereas the percentage reached 44% for the dug wells.…”

Validation of a modified IDEXX defined-substrate assay for detection of antimicrobial resistant E. coli in environmental reservoirs

“…17 Standard fecal bacteria monitoring already forms much of the global regulatory fabric, and researchers have suggested an effective method for integrating AMR surveillance is to adapt an existing standard method to focus on resistant strains of concern. 6 The IDEXX Quanti-Tray system is an US EPA approved semiautomated quantication method based on the Most Probable Number (MPN) model 7 and is widely used in recreational water, 8,9 wastewater, 10,11 and drinking water [12][13][14] quality monitoring for quantifying coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, and Heterotrophic Plate Counts. One prior study conrmed that a modied version of the IDEXX assay could detect antimicrobial resistant organisms in wastewater and surface water.…”