The occurrence of emerging trace organic chemicals in wastewater effluents in Saudi Arabia

Selection of organic process and source indicator substances for the anthropogenically influenced water cycle

“…throughout Europe (Loos et al, 2013), in Korea , in Singapore (Tran et al, 2014a) or in Saudi Arabia (Alidina et al, 2014). Acesulfame is used as the potassium salt and occurs in anionic form under environmental conditions (pK a % 3; log K OW = À1.49).…”

Attenuation of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) in bioelectrochemical systems

“…The pH of each sample was measured using a pH meter (Cyberscan 6000, Eutech Instruments) at the start and end of each cycle. TOrCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography with coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using an Agilent Technology 1260 Infinity Liquid Chromatography (LC) unit and an ABSciex 5500 Q-Trap MS/MS (Alidina et al, 2014). A sample injection volume of 10 mL was used for all samples.…”

“…The ionization source used in the MS was limited to ESI, while optimum polarity used for each compound was selected based on previous work done by Alidina et al (2014). Samples for LC-MS/MS were prepared as follows: 900 mL sample, 100 mL isotope solution and 1 mL sodium omidine solution.…”

“…A number of different trace organic compounds (TOrCs), including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, insecticides, endocrine disrupting compounds, personal care products and flame retardants, have been detected in municipal wastewater effluents as well as in ground and surface waters around the world (Daughton and Ternes, 1999;Hirsch et al, 1999;Snyder et al, 2003;Benotti et al, 2008;Alidina et al, 2014;Fries and Pü ttmann, 2003;Fatta-Kassinos et al, 2011). The most common pathway for these compounds into the aquatic environment is through wastewater discharges due to incomplete removal by conventional biological wastewater treatment processes (Glassmeyer et al, 2005).…”

Microbial community changes induced by Managed Aquifer Recharge activities: Linking hydrogeological and biological processes

“…Laboratory experiments and constructed wetlands demonstrate that concentration of microbial activity and TOC degradation is concentrated in the first centimeters of the filter material (Ragusa et al, 2004;Sleytr et al, 2007;Tietz et al, 2007) in response to oxygen concentration vertical distribution. Although rapid oxygen depletion and consequent denitrification conditions have been evidenced in lab-scale MAR experiments (Alidina et al, 2014a;Dutta et al, 2015), this effect may not happen 10 rapidly under real infiltration conditions, where entrapped gas (Heilweil et al, 2004) or fingering processes (Kung, 1990) may provide higher oxygen concentrations than in lower dimension systems (e.g., columns). Lab-experiments are doubtlessly useful to elucidate the behavior of microbial communities under controlled conditions.…”