The occurrence of depressive symptoms in the preclinical phase of AD

Berger, Anna‐Karin; Fratiglioni, Laura; Forsell, Yvonne; Winblad, Bengt; Bäckman, Lars

doi:10.1212/wnl.53.9.1998

Cited by 216 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[30][31][32] Fifthly, the mtDNA polymorphism is a non-specific genetic risk factor. Recently, it has been suggested that depressive symptoms are elevated in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease 123 and patients with mood disorders have a higher risk of dementia. 124 Although the contribution of different mitochondrial polymorphisms to Alzheimer's disease and bipolar disorder are described in the literature, they might be duplicating each other.…”

Section: Methodological Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The other, forgotten genome: mitochondrial DNA and mental disorders

Kato

2001

Mol Psychiatry

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This paper summarizes recent research on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-which might be described as the 'other, forgotten genome'. Recent studies suggest the possible pathophysiological significance of mtDNA in schizophrenia and neurodegenerative and mood disorders. Decreased activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain has been implicated in both Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease and while age-related accumulation of mtDNA deletions has been suggested as a possible cause, there is no concrete evidence that particular mtDNA polymorphisms are responsible. In schizophrenia, the activity and/or mRNA expression of complex IV are involved, but the direction of the alteration is not the same and there is no evidence linking schizophrenia with mtDNA. In bipolar disorder, there is some evidence of parent-of-origin effects and association with mtDNA polymorphisms but further investigation is needed to elucidate the role of mtDNA in mental disorders. Molecular Psychiatry (2001) 6, 625-633.

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Section: Methodological Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The other, forgotten genome: mitochondrial DNA and mental disorders

Kato

2001

Mol Psychiatry

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“…Older people with depression may be at increased risk for dementia [56]. Alternatively, depression may simply be a common early AD presentation.…”

Section: Potentially Reversible Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dementia syndromes: evaluation and treatment

Scott

Barrett

2007

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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As our population ages, diseases affecting memory and daily functioning will affect an increasing number of individuals, their families and the healthcare system. The social, financial and economic impacts will be profound. This article provides an overview of current dementia syndromes to assist clinicians in evaluating, educating and treating these patients. KeywordsAlzheimer's disease; cognition; dementia; donepezil; galantamine; memory; rivastigmine; vascular dementia Dementia is a progressive disorder of memory loss and impaired cognitive ability. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV defines dementia as a decline in memory with impairment of at least one other cognitive function, such as skilled movements (limb apraxia), language (aphasia) or executive function (e.g., planning, attention and abstract reasoning). This decline should represent a change from previous behavior; it should impair social and/or occupational functioning; and cannot be accounted for by other psychiatric conditions such as depression, other mood disorders or psychosis [1,2].Dementia comes in many forms, with the Alzheimer's and vascular subtypes being most common [3]. Dementia (neurodegenerative) is age related, with prevalence estimated at 20% in individuals older than 85 years [201]. The decline in cognition and memory function not only affects test performance, but often manifests as behavioral and mood changes, as well as the inability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). With our aging population, the number of patients with dementia will rise and place an increasing burden on families and our healthcare system. Accurate diagnosis of dementia is important for prognosis and to guide therapy. The number of potentially reversible dementias, perhaps upwards of 11%, is small, but these disorders may †

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“…Although the main function of AVP is the antidiuresis in kidney, it plays a key role in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulation, thereby in stress-related psychiatric diseases, like depression [31]. Depression can also be one of the earliest symptoms of AD [2]. Half of the AD patients suffer from minor or major depressive disorder, too [47,56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in Alzheimer's related markers preceeds memory disturbances: Studies in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat

Várga

Klausz

Domokos

et al. 2014

Brain Research Bulletin

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. For more effective therapy early diagnostic markers could be beneficial. Therefore we compared one year old rats with adults and examined if changes in possible brain markers of AD preceeded memory decline. We also tested if vasopressin-deficient animals were useful model of AD as vasopressin has well known positive effect on memory and AD patient has decreased vasopressin production.We compared adult (3 month) and old (12 month), normal and vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats. To receive a comprehensive picture about their memory we examined their social discrimination, object discrimination and conditioned learning abilities (shuttle box).Amyloid precursor protein (APP), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), β-actin and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2) mRNA levels was measured by quantitative PCR.There was no difference between the memory of adult and aged groups. The vasopressin-deficient rats at both ages showed a weaker performance in the course of social and object discrimination tests and a higher escape failure during the shuttle box experiment. The brain marker mRNAs of the elder animals were higher than the levels of the adults, but the absence of vasopressin had no influence on them.Thus, the one year old rats showed elevated levels of AD-related markers, but memory deficits were observable only in vasopressin deficient animals. Vasopressin does not seem to have pathogenic role in AD. Changes in the studied markers might predict later symptoms, although further studies are required for confirmation.

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The occurrence of depressive symptoms in the preclinical phase of AD

Abstract: Depressive symptoms are elevated preclinically in AD, and this elevation is not merely a by-product of self-perceived cognitive difficulties. Thus, depressive symptoms may be part of the preclinical phase in AD.

Cited by 216 publications

References 35 publications

The other, forgotten genome: mitochondrial DNA and mental disorders

The other, forgotten genome: mitochondrial DNA and mental disorders

Dementia syndromes: evaluation and treatment

Increase in Alzheimer's related markers preceeds memory disturbances: Studies in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat

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