The occurrence of bacteriophages in the rumen and their influence on rumen bacterial populations

Orpin, C. G.; Munn, E. A.

doi:10.1007/bf01938983

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Over the years, bacteriophages have frequently been isolated from the intestinal tracts of ruminants (1,19,29). Swain et al (1996) studied bovine ruminal phage and concluded that phage help maintain microbial diversity and balance (37).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of a New T-Even Bacteriophage, CEV1, and Determination of Its Potential To Reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 Levels in Sheep

Raya

Varey

Oot

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

148

108

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of a New T-Even Bacteriophage, CEV1, and Determination of Its Potential To Reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 Levels in Sheep

Raya

Varey

Oot

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

148

108

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“…coli in the human intestine was observed in a continuous survey, whereas abrupt changes of the bacterial flora, including E. coli, were observed upon administration of antibiotics (Tabaqchali et al, 1977). The role of bacteriophages in relation to rumen microorganisms has been studied by Orpin & Munn (1974), and by Iverson & MiUis (1977), but little is known about the ecological significance of bacteriophages in their natural habitats. We have investigated the ecological role of bacteriophages in the human intestine by determining the numbers of coliphages and the numbers of coliphage strains (serotypes) present in faecal samples collected from both healthy individuals and patients with certain internal and leukaemic diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage Distribution in Human Faeces: Continuous Survey of Healthy Subjects and Patients with Internal and Leukaemic Diseases

Furuse¹,

Osawa²,

Kawashiro³

et al. 1983

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYIn order to elucidate the ecological role of bacteriophages in the human intestine, we analysed the numbers of coliphages and of coliphage strains present in faecal samples collected from healthy individuals and from patients with certain intestinal diseases. The isolated phages were grouped according to their serological properties. The samples with low phage titres, observed in both healthy subjects and patients, contained mainly temperate phages (many were related to ~b80 and 2), and those with higher titres, observed in patients, contained virulent phages. From successive surveys of coliphages and their host, Escherichia coli, in faecal samples of each subject, it was concluded that temperate phages are maintained in the human intestine through spontaneous induction of lysogenic bacteria. Qualitative and quantitative differences existed between phages isolated from faecal samples from healthy subjects and from patients. Simultaneous changes in the distribution patterns of coliphages and of the clinical symptoms were observed in a continuous survey of a leukaemic patient in a protective environmental ward.

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“…1970;DePamphilis & Adler, 1971). These structural features, coupled with the absence of a discrete nucleus and, additionally, the infection of strain-2 Eadie's Ovals by a virulent bacteriophage (Orpin & Munn, 1974) confirm, without doubt, that despite their comparatively large size these micro-organisms are bacteria.…”

Section: E a M U N N A N D C G O R P I Nmentioning

confidence: 66%

The Fine Structure of Eadie's Ovals Isolated from Sheep Rumen

Munn

Orpin

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYThe structure of two strains of the Gram-negative rumen organism, Eadie's Oval, was examined with the electron microscope. Despite their large size, their fine structure indicated that they were bacteria. They had a cell envelope consisting of two membranes separated by a dense layer which could be solubilized by lysozyme. They possessed characteristic bacterial flagella, and lacked internal organization with ribosomes and DNA-li ke material dispersed throughout the cytoplasm.The outer membrane was corrugated and each strain had a characteristic pattern of corrugations. One strain had sheathed flagella, the other did not. Both strains were coated with fibrils up to 660 nm long, but which apparently contracted to give an unusual cross-banded layer when treated with lysozyme. I N T R O D U C T I O NTwo ovoid, motile, Gram-negative organisms, which occur in the rumen of sheep, goats and cattle, are known colloquially as 'Ovals'. Neither has been fully characterized or allocated a taxonomic position or scientific name, and the relationship of the one to the other is not known. The smaller of the two has maximum axial dimensions of 2.5 to 3-0 ,urn by 4.0 to 9.oprn (Hungate, 1966) and was originally described by Woodcock & Lapage (I 9 I 3), who thought that it was similar or identical to Selenomonas ruminantiurn. Quin ( I 943) proposed that it was a yeast, but this was rejected by McGaughey & Sellers (1948) and van der Westhuizen, Oxford & Quin ( I 950). Wicken & Howard (I 967) found diaminopimelate and muramic acid in the cell walls of this organism, now known by the colloquial name of Quin's Oval (Q.O.), and therefore concluded that it was a bacterium. The other Oval was first described by Eadie (1962); it has average axial dimensions of 8.5 x 12.2 ,um (Orpin, 1972) and thus is substantially larger than Quin's Oval. It has been observed in ruminants in several countries (Eadie, 1962;Abou Akkada & El-Shazly, 1964;Warner, 1962Warner, , 1966Orpin, 1972). Quin (1943) in South Africa also mentioned the presence of oval organisms larger than the ones which are now given his name, but gave no details. The photomicrograph he presented of Quin's Oval appears, in fact, to be of a mixed population containing both Quin's and larger Ovals, possibly the same as those described by Eadie (1962), and which have subsequently been referred to as Eadie's Ovals (E.O.). This organism has been observed in the rumen of 90 % of the sheep we have examined, in populations ranging from 4-5 x 105 to 1 -1 x Io8/ml, and appears to be a normal member of the rumen microbial population. Light microscopy of living and stained organisms has shown that E.O. is probably a bacterium, despite its large size (Orpin, 1972). This contention is supported by the results presented in this paper in which we describe the fine structure of two strains of E.O. which were first distinguished on the basis of differing substrate utilization patterns (Orpin, I 972). Prepdrdtion of 'starved' E. 0. Suspensions of freshly harvested E.O. were incubated for 48 h at ...

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The occurrence of bacteriophages in the rumen and their influence on rumen bacterial populations

Cited by 46 publications

References 10 publications

Isolation and Characterization of a New T-Even Bacteriophage, CEV1, and Determination of Its Potential To Reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 Levels in Sheep

Isolation and Characterization of a New T-Even Bacteriophage, CEV1, and Determination of Its Potential To Reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 Levels in Sheep

Bacteriophage Distribution in Human Faeces: Continuous Survey of Healthy Subjects and Patients with Internal and Leukaemic Diseases

The Fine Structure of Eadie's Ovals Isolated from Sheep Rumen

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