The Occurrence of Aneuploidy in Phalaris spp.

Chromosome number instability in Phalaris L.

“…Aneuploidy was found in P. arundinacea, as well as variation from 2n=28 to 2n=56 in progenies of natural (2n=35) pentaploids (Hanson andHill 1953, Car nahan andHill 1956). In the hybrid progenies between P. aquatica and P. arundi nacea chromosome numbers of 28, 34, 36, 42 to 44 and 56 hvae been reported (Am bastha 1956, Love andMohrdieck 1955), as well as PMC eventually differing in ploidy level in colchicine induced amphiploids (Starling 1961).…”

“…But univalents, multivalents, stickiness between bivalents and laggards also occur, and 2n=35 plants presented several univalents (Jenkin and Sethi 1932, Hanson and Hill 1953, Carnahan and Hill 1956, Starling 1961. Hybrids between tetraploid P. aquatica and P. arundinacea displayed a high number of biva lents, but also several abnormalities as multivalents, univalents, clumping of the chromosomes in the equatorial plate at metaphase I, bridges at anaphase I and II, laggards, and a high proportion of pollen quartets with micronuclei (Jenkin and Sethi 1932, Covas and Cialzeta 1953, Ambastha 1956, Starling 1961.…”

Population biology of intraspecific polyploidy in grasses

“…4n, 6n, 12n 2n,4n,6n,8n 2n,4n 2n,4n 2n,4n,6n 60, 70, 100 22,44,66,88 14,28,42 20,29,35,40,42,60,61,77,84 12,20,21,28,37,42,46 20,40,60 28,42 14,28,42 14,28,56,70,84 14,27,28,29,30,31,35,42,48 14,28 14,21,28 36,44,46,48,49-52,72,84,96 40,48,54,56,60,64,72,80,96,104, 112, 128 28,40,42,80,84 18, 36, 38, 72 14,28 14284n? 4n, 6n, 12n 2n,4n,6n,8n 2n,4n 2n,4n 2n,4n,6n 60, 70, 100 22,44,66,88 14,28,42 20,29,35,40,42,60,61,77,84 12,20,21,28,37,42,46 20,40,60 28,42 14,28,42 14,28,56,70,84 14,27,28,29,30,31,35,42,48 14,28 14,21,28 36,44,46,48,49-52,72,84,96 40,48,54,56,60,64,72,80,96,104, 112, 128 28,40,42,80,84 18, 36, 38, 72 14,28 142842 Nielsen, 1939Brown, 1950Hickman, 1993Hickman, 1993Fults, 1942Snyder & Harlan, 1953Fults, 1942Gould, 1958Sutherland, 1986Nielsen & Humphrey, 1937Myers, 1947Myers & Hill, 1947Hickman, 1993Hansen & Hill, 1953Hickman, 1993Hickman, 1993Hickman, 1993Panje & Babu, 1960A1-Janabi et aI., 1993Myers, 1947Sutherland, 1986Hickman, 1993Hickman, 1993Hickman, 1993Hickman, 1993 For ease of description I will outline the differences using diploids and tetraploids. Diploids are the basis on normal Mendelian genetics: each individual has two copies of each (non-duplicated) locus, and so can be heterozygous (a t a 2 ) or homozygous (aja!, or a 2 a 2 ).…”

The Nature and Genetic Control of a Red Anthocyanin Pigment in the Root Meristems of Phalaris

“…The three "tetraploid species of Phalaris (P. minor, P. tuberosa, P. arundinacea) are considered to be allopolyploids, largely on the evidence of the regular formation of bivalents at meiosis (Hanson and Hill 1953;Starling 1961;McWilliam 1962). The identity of the ancestral diploids has not been definitely established and it is quite possible that some of these may now· be extinct, as only t,vo 14-chromosome diploids (P. coerulescens and P. paradoxa) are represented in the Mediterranean region.…”