The occurrence and nature of brown plumes in Ontario

Melo, O.T.; Stevens, R.D.S.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(81)90067-6

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…There have been reports (e.g., Melo and Stevens, 1981) of brown NO2 plumes forming far downstream (0.5 -5.0 km) of power plant exhaust stacks. These NO 2 plumes result from reactions between NO in the exhaust and ambient ozone (0 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Carbon Monoxide in NO2 Plume Formation

Feitelberg

Correa

1999

Volume 2: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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Through a series of computational studies, carbon monoxide has been identified as an important promoter of NO oxidation to NO2 in combustion turbine exhaust gas at intermediate temperatures (450 to 750°C). NO2 formation is accompanied by enhanced CO burnout at these temperatures. Perfectly stirred reactor and plug flow reactor calculations indicate that concentrations of CO as low as 50 ppmv in exhaust gas containing 25 ppmv NO can result in the conversion of 50% of the NO to NO2 in less than 1 second. NO2 concentrations as low as 15 ppmv can result in visible, yellow-brown plumes from large diameter exhaust stacks. If NO2 plumes are to be prevented, then designers of gas turbines and heat recovery steam generators need to be aware of the relationships between time, temperature, and composition which cause NO2 to form in exhaust gas. Reaction path analysis indicates that the mutually promoted oxidation of CO and NO occurs through a self-propagating, three-step chain reaction mechanism. CO is oxidized by OH, (R2)CO+OH→CO2+Hwhile NO is oxidized by HO2:(R23)NO+HO2→NO2+OHIn a narrow temperature range, the H-atom produced by R2 can react with O2 in a three body reaction to yield the hydroperoxy radical needed in R23:(R9)H+O2+M→HO2+Mwhere M is any third body. The observed net reaction isCO+O2+NO→CO2+NO2which occurs stoichiometrically at temperatures below about 550°C. As the temperature increases, additional reaction pathways become available for H, HO2, and OH which remove these radicals from the chain and eventually completely decouple the oxidation of CO from NO. An abbreviated set of elementary chemical reactions, including 15 species and 33 reactions, has been developed to model CO-enhanced oxidation of NO to NO2. This reaction set was derived from a larger reaction set with more than 50 species and 230 elementary chemical reactions, and was validated by comparison of PSR and PFR calculations using the two sets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Carbon Monoxide in NO2 Plume Formation

Feitelberg

Correa

1999

Volume 2: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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Oxidation of No to No2 in Flue Gas Plumes of Power Stations

Elshout

Beilke

1985

Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants

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Remote measurement of NO2 in the brown cloud over Albuquerque, New Mexico

Franzblau

Popp

Prestbo

et al. 1993

Environ Monit Assess

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Remote measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were recorded in the 'brown cloud' over Albuquerque, NM, using absorption spectroscopy in the winter of 1987-88 and summer of 1989. The NO2 burdens (optical densities) measured in this manner were found to be in excess of 100 ppm-m. These long pathlength measurements correspond to total concentrations of approximately 5-10 ppb over the integrated observation pathlengths, which ranged from 10-20 km. These concentrations compare well with single location, independent NO x analyses. Using two correlation (absorption) spectrometers simultaneously, it was shown that the NO2 distribution is not uniform over the city and can change on the order of minutes in the boundary layer late in the day, demonstrating the advantages of NO2 optical measurements for assessing the location and extent of urban nitrogen dioxide levels in the boundary layer.

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The occurrence and nature of brown plumes in Ontario

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

The Role of Carbon Monoxide in NO2 Plume Formation

The Role of Carbon Monoxide in NO2 Plume Formation

Oxidation of No to No2 in Flue Gas Plumes of Power Stations

Remote measurement of NO2 in the brown cloud over Albuquerque, New Mexico

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