The occurrence and fate of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in sewage and fresh water: Treatability by conventional and non-conventional processes

Ziylan, Asu; Ince, Nilsun H.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.057

Cited by 310 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…This is due to low biodegradability caused by the presence of Cl atoms and N-H group that inhibit the growth of bacteria in wastewater. Diclofenac can be also removed through photolysis (25-75%) [19,20]. The application of membrane filters allows the removal of diclofenac by about 58%.…”

Section: Diclofenacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naproxene is removed by 50-80% from wastewater due to adsorption on activated sludge [19]. Adsorption on activated carbons allows the removal of naproxene by 52%, ozonation by about 90-99%, and the combined ozonation with H 2 O 2 by 89% [7].…”

Section: Naproxenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sedimentation allows the removal of 12-45%. However, the main mechanism behind this process is decomposition to hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, and the products of decomposition are removed through membrane filtration [19,20]. Ibuprofen is efficiently removed through adsorption on activated carbons (up to 99%) and ozonation (up to 80%) [7].…”

Section: Ibuprofenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adsorption on activated sludge allows the removal of ketoprofen in the range of 65-77% [7,19]. However, the most efficient method for removal of ketoprofen is membrane filtration that eliminates 98% of this pharmaceutical [23].…”

Section: Ibuprofenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paracetamol is considered to be one of the most efficiently removed pharmaceuticals in the process of wastewater treatment [23]. Acetylsalicylic acid in removed through biodegradation in 80-98% [19].…”

Section: Ibuprofenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illegal Drugs Present in Drinking Water and Wastewater

Szymonik

Lach

Malińska

2017

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Rapid development of pharmaceutical industry, and thus widespread availability of different types of therapeutical and increased intake of pharmaceuticals, results in elevated concentrations of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater subjected to treatment in wastewater treatment plants. Pharmaceuticals present in raw wastewater discharged from hospitals, households, veterinary and health care clinics eventually end up in wastewater treatment plants. Commonly applied methods for treating wastewater do not allow complete removal of these contaminants. As a consequence, pharmaceuticals still present in treated wastewater are introduced to water environment. The most frequently identified pharmaceuticals in surface water belong to the following groups: non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, estrogens and lipid regulators. The most difficult is removal of diclofenac, clofibric acid and carbamazepine as these substances show low biodegradability. Diclofenac can be removed in the process of wastewater treatment by 40%, carbamazepine by 10%, and clofibric acid from 26 to 50%. The presence of diclofenac sodium in the rivers in Poland was confirmed and the concentrations were following: 380 ng/dm 3 (the Warta river), 470 ng/dm 3 (the Odra river), 140 ng/dm 3 (the Vistula river). Naproxene was found in the Warta river at the concentration of 100 ng/dm 3 . The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface water can be toxic to aqueous microorganisms and fish. Recent studies confirmed also the presence of pharmaceuticals in drinking water. This is considered as a problem especially in urban agglomerations such as Berlin or large cities in Spain and China. The studies showed that pharmaceuticals were also identified in the samples taken from the Polish rivers and drinking water. The presence of naproxene and diclofenac at the concentrations of 13 and 4 ng/dm 3 was identified in drinking water sampled from water intakes in Poznan. Surface water and drinking water showed also the presence of illegal drugs.

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Section: Diclofenacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Naproxenementioning

confidence: 99%