The occurrence and distribution of phenylphenanthrenes, phenylanthracenes and binaphthyls in Palaeozoic to Cenozoic shales from China

Phenyl derivatives of polycyclic aromatic compounds as indicators of hydrothermal activity in the Silurian black siliceous shales of the Bardzkie Mountains, Poland

“…These compounds have only been identified in some specific source rocks, solid bitumen, bituminous coals and hydrothermal petroleum (Li et al, 2012;Marynowski et al, 2001Marynowski et al, , 2002Polissar et al, 2011;Püttmann et al, 1990;Serebrennikova et al, 2003;White and Lee, 1980;Willsch and Radke, 1995;Zhang et al, 2013), while there is no evidence to confirm their occurrence in crude oils or condensates. Detailed characteristics of PhPACs from the Permian Kupferschiefer of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland, and the Devonian carbonates and shales of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland were reported by Marynowski et al (2001Marynowski et al ( , 2002 and Rospondek et al (2007Rospondek et al ( , 2009).…”

Distribution and geochemical significance of phenylphenanthrenes and their isomers in selected oils and rock extracts from the Tarim Basin, NW China

“…Phenyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their heterocyclic counterparts are important components in aromatic fractions of some crude oils and sedimentary rock extracts (Marynowski et al 2001(Marynowski et al , 2002(Marynowski et al , 2004Rospondek et al 2007Rospondek et al , 2009Li et al 2012a;Grafka et al 2015). A series of phenylphenanthrene (PhP), phenylanthracene (PhA), and binaphthyl (BiN) isomers have been firmly identified by using authentic standards (Rospondek et al 2009).…”

“…All PhP, PhA, and BiN isomers have been discovered in marine sedimentary rocks (Rospondek et al 2009;Grafka et al 2015), Tertiary and Jurassic lacustrine shales (Li et al 2012a) and tire fire products (Wang et al 2007). …”

“…For example, the most stable isomers 2-PhP and 3-PhP predominate, whereas the thermally unstable 9-PhP, 1-PhP, and 4-PhP disappear in highly mature sedimentary organic matter (Rospondek et al 2009;Li et al 2012a;Grafka et al 2015). Among all binaphthyl isomers, 1,1-BiN is the most thermally unstable one and was found only in less mature samples; while 2,2-BiN is more stable and also present above the oil window range (Rospondek et al 2009;Li et al 2012a). Therefore, some indices, such as phenylphenanthrene ratio [defined as (2-?…”

“…1-? 9-PhP)] (Rospondek et al 2009) and 2,2 0 -BiN/1,2 0 -BiN (defined as 2,2 0 -binaphthyl/1,2 0 -binaphthyl) (Li et al 2012a) have been proposed as maturity indicators. In addition, some maturity indicators associated with aromatic compounds including phenylphenanthrene ratios have also been used as frictional stress indicators (Polissar et al 2011).…”