The Occupational Opportunist: an Update on Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Infection, Disease Pathogenesis, and Microbiology

Clark, Andrew E.

doi:10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2015.09.001

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we must pay attention to the pathogenesis of human waste after toilet treatment, as the processed products will be used for agricultural utilization after toilet treatment, and human clinical infections may occur through agricultural processes that are exposed to the source of the disease or spread through the food chain (Clark 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Erysipelothrix is recognized as the etiological agent of swine erysipelas, which can seriously affect the health of livestock (pigs) (Jensen et al 2010). In addition, scarlet fever is caused by the Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS), which also causes other diseases, including purulent pharyngitis, toxic shock, and necrotizing fasciitis, as a result of zoonotic diseases exposed to infected animal tissues or byproducts (Clark 2015). You et al (2018) investigated the incidence data of all 31 provinces in mainland China from 2011 to 2016 and defined the western and northern regions as high-incidence areas, which was consistent with our findings, as evidenced indirectly by the abundance of toilet pathogenic bacteria in this study.…”

Section: Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The preliminary evaluation of differential characteristics and factor evaluation of the microbial structure of rural household toilet excrement in China

Gao

Yang

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Recent studies on the microbial community composition of human excrement after rural household toilet treatment are unclear regarding the effects and risks of using recycled products as fertilizers in agriculture. In this study, we used Illumina high-throughput sequencing to investigate the microbial community structure of the excrement from 50 Chinese rural household toilets on a spatial scale, and we evaluated the impact of select geochemical factors on the bacterial and fungal communities in the human excrement. Multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant spatial differentiation of the human excrement in microbial communities after all toilet treatments. Twenty dry toilet samples and thirty septic tank samples had similar bacterial (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) and fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), differing only in the proportions of the microorganisms. For both dry toilet samples and septic tank samples, the pH and ammonium nitrogen were found to be the major driving forces affecting the changes in bacterial community structures ( p <0.05), while there was no correlation found for the fungal community with environmental factors in China ( p >0.05), except in the northern regions, where the total phosphorus was found to be significantly correlated with the fungal community ( p <0.05). Network analysis confirmed that NH 4 + -N had the most significant impact on the content of pathogens. Certain pathogens were still detected after toilet treatment, such as Streptococcus , Bacteroides , Aspergillus , and Chrysosporium , and the proportion of potential pathogenic bacteria in dry toilets was higher than that in septic tanks, suggesting that septic tanks were better than dry toilets in treating human excrement. These results provide an ecological perspective for understanding the large-scale geographic distribution of household excrement microbial communities in rural areas and for improving human excrement treatment technologies and avoiding the risks of agricultural applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-13779-9.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The preliminary evaluation of differential characteristics and factor evaluation of the microbial structure of rural household toilet excrement in China

Gao

Yang

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ( E. rhusiopathiae ) is infrequent occupational opportunistic zoonotic human pathogen. It is a fastidious non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacillus [1] with a worldwide distribution in a wide variety of wild and domestic animals, birds and fish [2]. Human infections due to E. rhusiopathiae are occupationally related and usually seen among farmers, butchers, veterinarians, and abattoir workers and occur as a result of contact with contaminated animals, their products or wastes, or soil [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis diagnosed by broad range 16s rRNA PCR gene sequencing

Balkhair

Lawati

Riyami

et al. 2019

IDCases

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Highlights Occupationally related E. rhusiopathiae endocarditis requiring valve replacement surgery. Broad range 16S rRNA PCR applied to excised valve leaflets/vegetations confirmed the presence of E. rhusiopathiae . E. rhusiopathiae should be included in the list of pathogens causing endocarditis especially when occupational setting is compatible.

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“…infection from which the bacterium is passed to other animals in the local proximity [11,12]. For this reason management practices have been developed to minimise infection rates, including vaccination, keeping herds closed to prevent the introduction of any potentially infected animals, and the inclusion of antibiotics in commercial livestock feed [3,12]. Swine erysipelas represents one of the most common clinical problems encountered on commercial pig farms, particularly in open-pen straw yard systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: An Important Cause of Bacterial Disease in Farmed Pigs and an Occupational Pathogen of Humans

Spiteri¹,

Taylor‐Robinson²

2018

Int J Clin Med Microbiol

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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacillus that is found ubiquitously in the environment. It is known to colonise a wide range of animals, most commonly farmed pigs, turkeys and hens, in which it can cause pathology. The disease swine erysipelas affects growing pigs, significantly impacting pork production, and so its early detection and control is economically important. Infection of humans with E. rhusiopathiae is primarily associated with occupational exposure and most often results in a localised skin infection called erysipeloid. More severe infections can cause serious illness and even death in both animals and humans. The accurate identification of E. rhusiopathiae is often dependent on the inclusion in the clinical history of relevant information regarding exposure. Since the bacterium is often mistaken for other species of Grampositive bacillus this ensures that appropriate differential tests are required. There are confirmed cases of E. rhusiopathiae infection in individuals with no reported animal exposure so it is possible that there are other modes of transmission. Regarding treatment regimens, E. rhusiopathiae is intrinsically resistant to vancomycin but susceptible to penicillins and carbapenems.

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The Occupational Opportunist: an Update on Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Infection, Disease Pathogenesis, and Microbiology

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

The preliminary evaluation of differential characteristics and factor evaluation of the microbial structure of rural household toilet excrement in China

The preliminary evaluation of differential characteristics and factor evaluation of the microbial structure of rural household toilet excrement in China

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis diagnosed by broad range 16s rRNA PCR gene sequencing

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: An Important Cause of Bacterial Disease in Farmed Pigs and an Occupational Pathogen of Humans

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