The observed discordances in cosmology signaling new Physics

Abstract

The measured values for the cosmic expansion rate, the cosmic radius, the cosmic age, etc. vary with a direct or an indirect methodology. These discrepancies known as the cosmological crisis imply the existence of a new physical field. The coupling of matter to the field causes the ratio between a being measured mass of matter and a reference mass to vary with the field. Any experiment can only measure the relative ratio rather than the absolute mass of matter. Apparently, there are two representations in describing the field dependence of the ratio: the reference (being measured) mass varies with the field while the being measured (reference) mass does not. Therefore, the measured value of every quantity depends on the choice of the representations. A representation is selected based on the conscious or unconscious assumptions in an experiment. This new field can resolve the discrepancies as well as drive the late-time cosmic acceleration. The new closed cosmic model here can remove the tensions in the standard cold dark matter model with Λ being the cosmological constant.