The observational method applied to a high embankment founded on sulphide clay

Prästings, Anders; Müller, Rasmus; Larsson, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.07.003

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the observational method has been successfully applied in other Nordic countries (e.g. [2]). In order to study which is more effective, the observational method or conventional design, one can apply decision optimizing methods such as decision tree analysis [7].…”

Section: Observational Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second approach, conservatism, has been widely used with satisfactory results, but it may result in non-economical design solutions in challenging site conditions. Hence, in projects with higher level of uncertainty and greater difficulties to predict the geotechnical behavior, the observational method (OM) might be more suitable [2,3]. This recommendation to consider OM is also given by the Eurocode 7 for Geotechnical Design [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observational Method Applied to the Decision Optimizing of Foundation Method in Kujala Interchange on Silty Clay Subsoil

Löfman

Korkiala-Tanttu

2021

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Observational method is a powerful approach to dealing with uncertainty in subsoil conditions. In the presented case study, Kujala Interchange, constructing test embankments and applying the observational method enabled to replace many initially planned pile slab foundations with ground-supported road embankments. The residual settlements of these embankments were controlled by means of preloading accompanied with monitoring. This paper demonstrates how a decision tree analysis can be employed to assess the feasibility of constructing the test embankments. The prior probability of acceptable settlements of the ground-supported embankments is estimated for a typical soil profile in Kujala area via Monte Carlo simulation. This prior probability is then updated via monitoring results and Bayes' Theorem. Lastly, the expected costs of each design alternative are derived based on their respective probabilities and the actual cost savings acquired at Kujala Interchange. The results of the decision tree analysis confirm that constructing the test embankments and minimizing the pile foundations was the optimal decision in this case study. In sum, this paper shows how the observational method can be employed to reduce the expected costs and environmental impact of foundation design characterized by significant uncertainty in subsoil conditions. However, it is concluded that besides monetary costs, one should also include non-monetary consequences such as carbon dioxide emissions.

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Section: Observational Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational Method Applied to the Decision Optimizing of Foundation Method in Kujala Interchange on Silty Clay Subsoil

Löfman

Korkiala-Tanttu

2021

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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“…How the principles of the observational method in the current version of the Eurocode 7 can be satisfied has been discussed by Prästings et al (2014), Spross et al (2016), Spross and Johansson (2017), Bjureland et al (2017), and Fuentes et al (2017).…”

Section: Observational Approaches Are Fundamental To Underground Excamentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Need for a Risk-Based Framework in Eurocode 7 to Facilitate Design of Underground Openings in Rock

et al. 2018

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The European design code for geotechnical engineering, EN-1997 Eurocode 7, is currently under revision. As design of underground openings in rock fundamentally differs from design of most other types of structures, the revised Eurocode 7 must be carefully formulated to be applicable to underground openings. This paper presents the authors' view of how a design code for underground openings in rock needs to be organized to ensure that new structures are both sufficiently safe and constructed cost-effectively. The authors find that the revised version of Eurocode 7 carefully must acknowledge the fundamental decision-theoretical connection between design and risk management that should permeate all geotechnical design work. Otherwise, if the revised code is not given a risk-based framework, the authors fear that, as a consequence, the observational method will not be favorable to use in excavations of underground openings in rock. Then, cost-effective construction will be very difficult to achieve.

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“…Horizontal displacements (e.g., determined via inclinometer measurements) can be considered as such an indicator of the embankment stability. This approach was demonstrated and discussed for the Veda embankment in Prästings et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate stability assessment during staged construction

2016

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Abstract:For staging the construction of embankments on soft clay, an important aspect in deterministic or probabilistic stability analyses is the assessment of the representative average values and associated uncertainties for the undrained shear strength as the height of the embankment is sequentially increased. Assessments made prior to construction can be verified by performing observations during the construction phase. All relevant available information should be incorporated into an analysis to increase the level of confidence and the objectivity of the assessment. To this end, we apply an extended multivariate approach to assess the undrained shear strength using different indirect measurement methods during the staged construction of the Veda embankment (Sweden). This multivariate approach implies that uncertainties associated with the assessments are reduced, and objectively weighted averages are obtained. The resulting implications on the calculated deterministic safety factors and the probabilistically retrieved reliability indices of the embankment are thoroughly discussed in this work.Key words: statistical analysis, site investigation, shear strength, Bayesian statistics, multivariate analysis, probabilistic stability analysis.Résumé : Lorsqu'on planifie la construction de talus sur des sols mous, un aspect important des analyses de stabilité détermin-istes ou probabilistes est l'évaluation des valeurs moyennes caractéristiques et des incertitudes correspondantes associées à la résistance au cisaillement non drainée à mesure que la hauteur du talus est augmentée de manière séquentielle. Il est possible de vérifier les évaluations réalisées avant la construction en effectuant des observations durant la phase de construction. Il est nécessaire d'incorporer toutes les informations pertinentes disponibles dans une analyse pour augmenter le niveau de fiabilité et l'objectivité de l'évaluation. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons une approche étendue à variables multiples pour évaluer la résistance au cisaillement non drainée à l'aide de différentes méthodes de mesure indirectes durant la construction par étapes du talus ferroviaire de Veda (en Suède). Cette approche à variables multiples nécessite de réduire des incertitudes associées aux évalua-tions et de déterminer des moyennes objectivement pondérées. Les répercussions sur les facteurs de sécurité calculés et sur les indices de fiabilité obtenus de manière probabiliste caractérisant le talus sont décrites en détail dans la présente étude. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : analyse statistique, étude sur le terrain, résistance au cisaillement, statistique bayésienne, analyse à variables multiples, analyse de stabilité probabiliste.

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The observational method applied to a high embankment founded on sulphide clay

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Observational Method Applied to the Decision Optimizing of Foundation Method in Kujala Interchange on Silty Clay Subsoil

Observational Method Applied to the Decision Optimizing of Foundation Method in Kujala Interchange on Silty Clay Subsoil

On the Need for a Risk-Based Framework in Eurocode 7 to Facilitate Design of Underground Openings in Rock

Multivariate stability assessment during staged construction

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