The obesity epidemic, metabolic syndrome and future prevention strategies

James, Philip; Rigby, Neville; Leach, Rachel

doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000114707.27531.48

Cited by 481 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

335

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity has increased dramatically during the past decade and is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide [1], [2]. Diabetes and obesity are major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular complications and premature death [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of resistin in cardiac contractility and hypertrophy

Kim

Satoh

et al. 2008

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology

139

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cardiovascular sequelae including diabetic cardiomyopathy constitute the major cause of death in diabetic patients. Although several factors may contribute to the development of this cardiomyopathy, the underlying molecular/cellular mechanisms leading to cardiac dysfunction are still partially understood. Recently, a novel paradigm for the role of the adipocytokine resistin in diabetes has emerged. Resistin has been proposed to be a link between obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. Using microarray analysis, we have recently found that cardiomyocytes isolated from type 2 diabetic hearts express high levels of resistin. However, the function of resistin with respect to cardiac function is unknown. In this study we show that resistin is not only expressed in the heart, but also promotes cardiac hypertrophy. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of resistin in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) significantly increased sarcomere organization and cell size, increased protein synthesis and increased the expression of atrial natriuretic factor and β-myosin heavy chain. Overexpression of resistin in NRVM was also associated with activation of the mitogenactivated protein (MAP) kinases, ERK1/2 and p38, as well as increased Ser-636 phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), indicating that IRS-1/MAPK pathway may be involved in the observed hypertrophic response. Overexpression of resistin in adult cultured cardiomyocytes significantly altered myocyte mechanics by depressing cell contractility as well as contraction and relaxation velocities. Intracellular Ca 2+ measurements showed slower Ca 2+ transients decay in resistin-transduced myocytes compared to controls, suggesting impaired cytoplasmic Ca 2+ clearing or alterations in myofilament activation. We conclude that resistin overexpression alters cardiac contractility, confers to primary cardiomyocytes all the features of the hypertrophic phenotype and promotes cardiac hypertrophy possibly via the IRS-1/MAPK pathway.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of resistin in cardiac contractility and hypertrophy

Kim

Satoh

et al. 2008

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology

139

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most significant consequences for health of overweight and obesity include hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, coronary heart diseases, ischemic stroke, type 2 diabetes, certain kinds of cancer [2]. In 2005, the estimated total numbers of overweight and obese adults worldwide, were 937 million and 396 million respectively [1], numbers that have doubled in comparison to 20 years ago [3]; by 2030, these figures are projected to be 1.3 billion and 573 million for overweight and obese adults respectively [1]. Recently there is a greater emphasis on abdominal obesity, as compared with general obesity, in relation to the risk of incidence of non-communicable weigh-related diseases [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in Tehranian adults: a cohort study

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundConsidering the increasing trend of obesity reported in current data, this study was conducted to examine trends of obesity and abdominal obesity among Tehranian adults during a median follow-up of 6.6 years.MethodsHeight and weight of 4402 adults, aged 20 years and over, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), were measured in 1999-2001(phase I) and again in 2002-2005(phase II) and 2006-2008 (phase III). Criteria used for obesity and abdominal obesity defined body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 and waist circumference ≥ 94/80 cm for men/women respectively. Subjects were divided into10-year groups and the prevalence of obesity was compared across sex and age groups.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity was 15.8, 18.6 and 21% in men and 31.5, 37.7 and 38.6% in women in phases I, II and III respectively (p < 0.001). The prevalence of abdominal obesity in men was 36.5, 57.2 and 63.3% and in women was 76.7, 83.8 and 83.6% in the three periods mentioned (p < 0.001). Men aged between 20-29 years had highest increase rates of obesity and abdominal obesity in phase III in comparison with phase I (with a respective rates of 2.2- and 3.3-fold). In both sexes, an increased trend was observed between phases I and II, whereas between phases II and III, this trend was observed in men, but not in women.ConclusionThis study demonstrates alarming rises in the prevalences of both obesity and abdominal obesity in both sexes especially in young men, calling for urgent action to educate people in lifestyle modifications.

show abstract

“…Diet-related chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity and some cancers) are a serious public health concern in Western countries [12,36], and may reach epidemic proportions in developed and developing countries in the next two decades [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet in the PREDIMED trial

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Determinants of dietary changes obtained with a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean diet have been rarely evaluated.Aim of the study: To identify predictors of higher success of an intervention aimed to increase adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) in individuals at high cardiovascular risk participating in a trial for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial. Candidate predictors included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, cardiovascular risk-factors and baseline dietary habits.Methods: 1048 asymptomatic subjects aged 55-80 years allocated to the active intervention groups (subjects in the control group were excluded). Participants' characteristics were assessed at baseline among subjects. Dietary change were evaluated after 12 months. Main Outcome measures were: attained changes in 5 dietary goals: increases in 1) fruit consumption; 2) vegetable consumption, 3) monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)/ saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio, and decreases in 4) sweets and pastries consumption, 5) and meat consumption. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between the candidate predictors and likelihood of attaining optimum dietary change (improved adherence to a MeDiet).Results: Among men, positive changes toward better compliance with the MeDiet were more frequent among non-diabetics, and among those with worse dietary habits at baseline (higher consumption of meat, higher SFA intake, lower consumption of fruit and vegetables). Among women, marital status (married) and worse baseline dietary habits (high in meats, low in fruits and vegetables) were the strongest predictors of success in improving adherence to the MeDiet.Conclusions/ applications: Some participant characteristics (marital status, and baseline dietary habits) could contribute to predicting the likelihood of achieving dietary goals in interventions aimed to improve adherence to a MeDiet and may be useful for promoting individualized long-term dietary changes and improving the effectiveness of dietary counseling.

show abstract

The obesity epidemic, metabolic syndrome and future prevention strategies

Cited by 481 publications

References 12 publications

Role of resistin in cardiac contractility and hypertrophy

Role of resistin in cardiac contractility and hypertrophy

Trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in Tehranian adults: a cohort study

Predictors of adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet in the PREDIMED trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About