The Obesity Epidemic in the United States

Morrill, Allison C.; Chinn, Christopher D

doi:10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3190035

Cited by 85 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 As of 2001, more than 25% were not active at all in their leisure time. 39 The findings here suggest that clinicians working with overweight patients would be justified in recommending even modest increases in daily activities, such as walking, among inactive patients, to achieve benefits. Pedometers have been shown in other studies to effectively motivate individuals to increase and maintain additional levels of PA. 40 They also assist the individual and the physician to monitor their efforts to increase PA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a population-based sample – the AusDiab study

Dwyer

Hosmer

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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Background: Physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with obesity but the effect has been difficult to quantify using questionnaires. In particular, the shape of the association has not yet been well described. Pedometers provide an opportunity to better characterize the association. Methods: Residents of households over the age of 25 years in randomly selected census districts in Tasmania were eligible to participate in the AusDiab cross-sectional survey conducted in 1999-2000. 1848 completed the AusDiab survey and 1126 of these (609 women and 517 men) wore a pedometer for 2-weekdays. Questionnaire data on recent PA, TV time and other factors were obtained. The outcomes were waist circumference (in cm) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2 ). Results: Increasing daily steps were associated with a decline in the obesity measures. The logarithmic nature of the associations was indicated by a sharper decline for those with lower daily steps. For example, an additional 2000 steps for those taking only 2000 steps per day was associated with a reduction of 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1,4.4) cm in waist circumference among men (for women; 2.2 (95% CI: 0.6, 3.9 cm)) with a baseline of only 2000, steps compared to a 0.7 (95% CI 0.3, 1.1) cm reduction (for women; 0.6 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.0)) for those already walking 10 000 steps daily. In the multivariable analysis, clearer associations were detected for PA and these obesity measures using daily step number rather than PA time by questionnaire. Interpretation: Pedometer measures of activity indicate that the inverse association between recent PA and obesity is logarithmic in form with the greatest impact for a given arithmetic step number increase seen at lower levels of baseline activity. The findings from this study need to be examined in prospective settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a population-based sample – the AusDiab study

Dwyer

Hosmer

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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“…Prevalence of overweight and obesity among has been recognized as an epidemic, which has prompted health professionals to review advertising content in media as a contributor [1][2][3]. Television, internet, and print media frequently contain advertisements that promote food of minimal nutritional value through marketing tactics aimed to build long-term brand loyalty and 'relationships' with children [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type and Frequency of Food Images in Parenting Magazines: Identifying Areas for Improvement

Ramsay¹

2013

J Child Adolesc Behav

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Parents and children are influenced by food advertisements, which can impact children's healthy weight. The purpose of the study was to identify the type and frequency of food images in parenting magazines. Content analysis of twelve issues from each of three parenting magazines (36) for 2010 was conducted by two researchers. The inter-rater reliability was 0.70 or above for the categories: food items, restaurants, infant feeding, feeding equipment, and supplements. From the 2445 food related images, breads and grains appeared most frequently (476), followed by the fats, oils, and sweets category (334). Few breastfeeding images (9) appeared compared to bottle (29) or formula (50) feeding images. Supplement images occurred more frequently than drink, condiment, restaurant, and infant feeding images. Knowledge of the type and frequency of food related images in magazines can be used by health professionals to provide education and information to parents that will address obesigenic behaviors and environments.

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“…[1][2][3] In the USA, substantial disparities in the prevalence of obesity occur by gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and geographic location. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Although "who you are" explains a lot of geographical variation in health outcomes, there is also the effect of "where you are." For this reason, a "place" remains an important factor in addressing health outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study also examined the disparities inherent in obesity, which has become a major public health concern in the USA. [1][2][3][4][5] The results of multilevel analysis were then framed into the theoretical model of area-based variations in obesity to assess whether a function of the food or the PA environment can explain the body weight of residents. By qualitatively summarizing the results of multilevel analysis, this study presents a different approach to understand the relationship between obesity and the urban environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-Based Variations in Obesity Are More than a Function of the Food and Physical Activity Environment

2012

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This study examines the area-based variations in obesity from a communitybased epidemiologic survey of Boston, MA, USA, using a geographic information system and multilevel modeling techniques. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to assess whether a function of the food and the physical activity (PA) environment can explain the body weight of residents. First, a series of multilevel analyses was conducted after accounting for the well-established individual determinants and capturing a wide range of environmental attributes to represent a more realistic portrayal of urban typology. Second, the results of multilevel analysis were framed into the theoretical model of area-based variations in obesity to qualitatively summarize the association of contextual factors with the body weight of residents. Based on the overall correlation, the area-based variations defined by a function of the food and PA environment seem to be insufficient in explaining the body weight of residents. By testing the cross-level interactions of gender and race/ethnicity with contextual factors, the results suggest that the concept of area-based variations in obesity will have to consider how residents behave differently within a given environment. More research is needed to better understand the contextual determinants of obesity so as to put forth population-wide interventions.

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The Obesity Epidemic in the United States

Cited by 85 publications

References 21 publications

The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a population-based sample – the AusDiab study

The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a population-based sample – the AusDiab study

Type and Frequency of Food Images in Parenting Magazines: Identifying Areas for Improvement

Area-Based Variations in Obesity Are More than a Function of the Food and Physical Activity Environment

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