The ‘Nuts and Bolts’ of Carbohydrates

Williams, Spencer J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-240-52118-3.00001-6

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…(B-D) The monosaccharide substrates of characterised GH27 enzymes are, respectively, α-D-Gal p , β-L-Ara p , and N -acetylgalactosamine. The complexities of carbohydrate nomenclature obfuscate the fact that β- l -Ara p and α- d -Gal p differ only in the absence or presence, respectively, of a hydroxymethyl group on the C5 position of the sugar ring [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Chitinophaga pinensis on Plant Cell Wall Glycans and Characterisation of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 27 β-l-Arabinopyranosidase Implicated in Arabinogalactan Utilisation

McKee

Brumer

2015

PLoS ONE

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The genome of the soil bacterium Chitinophaga pinensis encodes a diverse array of carbohydrate active enzymes, including nearly 200 representatives from over 50 glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, the enzymology of which is essentially unexplored. In light of this genetic potential, we reveal that C. pinensis has a broader saprophytic capacity to thrive on plant cell wall polysaccharides than previously reported, and specifically that secretion of β-l-arabinopyranosidase activity is induced during growth on arabinogalactan. We subsequently correlated this activity with the product of the Cpin_5740 gene, which encodes the sole member of glycoside hydrolase family 27 (GH27) in C. pinensis, CpArap27. Historically, GH27 is most commonly associated with α-d-galactopyranosidase and α-d-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity. A new phylogenetic analysis of GH27 highlighted the likely importance of several conserved secondary structural features in determining substrate specificity and provides a predictive framework for identifying enzymes with the less common β-l-arabinopyranosidase activity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Chitinophaga pinensis on Plant Cell Wall Glycans and Characterisation of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 27 β-l-Arabinopyranosidase Implicated in Arabinogalactan Utilisation

McKee

Brumer

2015

PLoS ONE

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“…This is due to the presence of a large number of hydroxyl (-OH) groups in their molecules14151617181920. Carbohydrate derivatives exhibit excellent therapeutic action against HIV infection, cancer, diabetes, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1M HCl by D-glucose derivatives of dihydropyrido [2,3-d:6,5-d′] dipyrimidine-2, 4, 6, 8(1H,3H, 5H,7H)-tetraone

Verma

Quraishi

Kluza

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

155

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D-glucose derivatives of dihydropyrido-[2,3-d:6,5-d′]-dipyrimidine-2, 4, 6, 8(1H,3H, 5H,7H)-tetraone (GPHs) have been synthesized and investigated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M HCl solution using gravimetric, electrochemical, surface, quantum chemical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations methods. The order of inhibition efficiencies is GPH-3 > GPH-2 > GPH-1. The results further showed that the inhibitor molecules with electron releasing (-OH, -OCH3) substituents exhibit higher efficiency than the parent molecule without any substituents. Polarization study suggests that the studied compounds are mixed-type but exhibited predominantly cathodic inhibitive effect. The adsorption of these compounds on mild steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. SEM, EDX and AFM analyses were used to confirm the inhibitive actions of the molecules on mild steel surface. Quantum chemical (QC) calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations studies were undertaken to further corroborate the experimental results.

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“…The available conformational space of the backbone is restricted by constraints on and correlations between torsional angles (Sundaralingam and Westhof 1979). Polysaccharides are restrained by conformational preferences within and between sugars (Stick and Williams 2010). Thus, even as random coil, in which high temperature or chemical denaturants disrupt intramolecular interactions, biopolymers retain a kinetic and thermodynamic propensity to fold.…”

Section: Living Dangerouslymentioning

confidence: 99%

Folding, Assembly, and Persistence: The Essential Nature and Origins of Biopolymers

et al. 2018

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Life as we know it requires three basic types of polymers: polypeptide, polynucleotide, and polysaccharide. Here we evaluate both universal and idiosyncratic characteristics of these biopolymers. We incorporate this information into a model that explains much about their origins, selection, and early evolution. We observe that all three biopolymer types are pre-organized, conditionally self-complementary, chemically unstable in aqueous media yet persistent because of kinetic trapping, with chiral monomers and directional chains. All three biopolymers are synthesized by dehydration reactions that are catalyzed by molecular motors driven by hydrolysis of phosphorylated nucleosides. All three biopolymers can access specific states that protect against hydrolysis. These protected states are folded, using self-complementary interactions among recurrent folding elements within a given biopolymer, or assembled, in associations between the same or different biopolymer types. Self-association in a hydrolytic environment achieves self-preservation. Heterogeneous association achieves partner-preservation. These universal properties support a model in which life’s polymers emerged simultaneously and co-evolved in a common hydrolytic milieu where molecular persistence depended on folding and assembly. We believe that an understanding of the structure, function, and origins of any given type of biopolymer requires the context of other biopolymers.

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The ‘Nuts and Bolts’ of Carbohydrates

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

Growth of Chitinophaga pinensis on Plant Cell Wall Glycans and Characterisation of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 27 β-l-Arabinopyranosidase Implicated in Arabinogalactan Utilisation

Growth of Chitinophaga pinensis on Plant Cell Wall Glycans and Characterisation of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 27 β-l-Arabinopyranosidase Implicated in Arabinogalactan Utilisation

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1M HCl by D-glucose derivatives of dihydropyrido [2,3-d:6,5-d′] dipyrimidine-2, 4, 6, 8(1H,3H, 5H,7H)-tetraone

Folding, Assembly, and Persistence: The Essential Nature and Origins of Biopolymers

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