The Nutritional Value Enhancement of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as Animal Feed Using the Fungus Coprinus Comatus, with Different Numbers of Inoculums and Incubation Times

Abstract

This study aimed to increase the nutritional value of oil palm empty bunches (EFB) as ruminant animal feed by using biological treatment. To achieve this, five fungi species were used, including Trametes Versicolor, Lentinula edodes, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, and Trichoderma sp, which were inoculated for 20 days. Furthermore, the study consisted of 2 stages, in the first, the five species were tested for their degradability to lignin. In the second, the results were analyzed for their degradation ability by treating several numbers of inoculums (0.5 ml, 0.75 ml, and 1.0 ml) at different incubation times (20, 30, and 40 days). The results showed that the fungi treatment gave different lignin levels of oil palm empty fruit bunches compared to others. Furthermore, treatment with Coprinus comatus fungi produced the lowest lignin and the highest cellulose levels than others. This species works well compared to other fungi in the delignification of oil palm empty fruit bunches. With the use of Coprinus comatus, the lowest lignin and highest cellulose levels were obtained in a 0.5 ml inoculum treatment and at 30 days incubation time, however, there was no interaction. Conclusively, this study indicated that the application of Coprinus comatus to oil palm empty fruit bunches reduces lignin levels and increases cellulose by 22.04% and 20%, respectively. Consequently, there is an improved nutritional value of oil palm empty fruit bunches.

Ganoderma lucidum-Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB): A Potential Feedstuff for Goats

“…In reducing this occurrence, OPEFB should be upcycled into valuable or turn into profitable products. Previous studies have found the potential of OPEFB as a replacement for grass, which is the typical fibrous feed source for herbivore livestock [5] [6], suggesting the potential utilization of this byproduct. Despite that, OPEFB has been reported to contain a high amount of lignocellulose [7], and the presence of lignin, which is not digestible by livestock, has become the main drawback of this potential feed source.…”

Effects of Moringa Leaf and Fruit Powder Supplementation on Hematological Parameters and Growth Performance in Kacang Goats

“…Feed scarcity poses a significant challenge to livestock production, worsening the issue of low protein intake sufficiency [2,4]. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative livestock feed derived from agricultural or plantation lands to address the limited availability of feed [5,6].…”

The Impact of Processing Methods and Levels of Jatropha gossypifolia L. Leaves on Productivity of Goats, Considering Distance

“…The exploration of animal feed originating from agricultural/plantation land is crucial to overcome the limited availability of feed sources [1]. Utilizing green energy sources that are healthy and environmentally friendly, such as red castor leaf (Jatropha gossypifolia L.), as animal feed ingredients can provide essential nutrients, including crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and ash, needed for livestock growth.…”