The Nutritional Contribution of Potato Varietal Diversity in Andean Food Systems: a Case Study

Haan, Stef de; Burgos, Gabriela; Liria, Reyna; Rodríguez, Flor; Creed‐Kanashiro, Hilary; Bonierbale, Merideth

doi:10.1007/s12230-018-09707-2

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Selection against those regions can be carried out using backcrosses following the initial hybridization event. Conversely, positive selection will be possible for complex traits unique to landraces, such as good flavor and nutritional quality [78][79][80]. It is also easy to imagine how genomics tools, particularly high-throughput resequencing, could be used to identify rare alleles and recessive alleles in cultivated potato.…”

Section: Solanum Tuberosummentioning

confidence: 99%

Potato Germplasm Enhancement Enters the Genomics Era

2019

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The goal of germplasm enhancement is to introgress traits from wild crop relatives into cultivated material and eventually cultivars. It seeks to restore genetic diversity that has been lost over time or to augment cultivated material with novel alleles that improve parents in breeding programs. This paper discusses potato germplasm enhancement efforts in the past, focusing on effective examples such as disease resistance and processing quality. In addition, it outlines new strategies for enhancement efforts, shifting the focus from evaluating phenotypes to tracking and manipulating specific DNA sequences. In the genomics era, germplasm enhancement will increasingly be focused on identifying and introgressing alleles rather than traits. Alleles will come from a broad pool of genetic resources that include wild species relatives of potato, landraces, cultivated potato itself, and distantly-related species. Genomics tools will greatly increase the efficiency of introgressing multi-genic traits and will make it possible to identify rare alleles and utilize recessive alleles.

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Section: Solanum Tuberosummentioning

confidence: 99%

Potato Germplasm Enhancement Enters the Genomics Era

2019

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“…Both as household-level average and as proportion of their collective cultivar diversity, more bred varieties were present in Huancavelica. Although not strictly market-oriented, smallholders in Huancavelica have integrated modern breeds into their portfolios due to their comparative advantage in terms of earlier maturation—which makes food available during the lean period—and ample accessibility in seed networks [57, 83]. This occurs even as the average cropping area per household is nearly three times smaller in Huancavelica than in Pasco.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The land-use dynamics of potato agrobiodiversity in the highlands of central Peru: a case study of spatial-temporal management across farming landscapes

Arce

Haan

Juárez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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29In the high Andes, environmental and socio-economic drivers are transforming land use and 30 presumably affecting the in situ conservation of potato (Solanum spp.). To monitor the use 31 and conservation of intraspecific diversity, systematic and comparative studies across land-32 use systems are needed. We investigated the spatial-temporal dynamics of potato in two 33 contrasting landscapes of Peru's central Andes: a highland plateau (Huancavelica) vs. an 34 eastern slope (Pasco). We examined household-level areal allocations, altitudinal 35 distribution, sectoral fallowing practices, and the conservation status for three main cultivar 36 groups: (i) bred varieties, (ii) floury landraces, and (iii) bitter landraces. Mixed methods were 37 used to survey 323 households and the 1,101 potato fields they managed in 2012-2013. We 38 compared the contemporary altitudinal distribution of landraces with 1975-1985 altimeter 39 genebank data from the International Potato Center. We show that intensification occurs in 40 each landscape through adaptations of traditional management practices while maintaining 41 high intraspecific diversity. Access to land and production end use (sale vs. consumption) 42 significantly affected smallholder management and differentiated the landscapes. Total areas 43 in Huancavelica and Pasco were allocated to 82.9% vs. 74.2% floury landraces, 9.2% vs. 44 25.7% bred varieties, and 7.9% vs. 0.1% bitter landraces. In market-oriented Pasco, fields in 45 sectoral fallows between 3,901 m and 4,116 m above sea level consistently contained the 46 highest levels of landrace diversity. The bulk of diversity in subsistence-oriented 47 Huancavelica occurred between 3,909 m and 4,324 m outside sectoral fallows. Most of the 48 unique landraces documented were scarce across households: 45.4% and 61.7% respectively 49 in Huancavelica and Pasco. Bred varieties showed the widest (1,100 m) and bitter landraces 50 the narrowest (400 m) altitudinal distributions. Potato cultivation has moved upward by an 3 51 average of 306 m since 1975. Landrace diversity is versatile but unevenly distributed across 52 landscapes. This requires adaptive ways to incentivize in situ conservation.53

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“…Both as household-level average and as proportion of their collective cultivar diversity, more bred varieties were present in Huancavelica. Although not strictly market-oriented, smallholders in Huancavelica have integrated modern breeds into their portfolios due to their comparative advantage in terms of earlier maturation-which makes food available during the lean period-and ample accessibility in seed networks [57,84]. This occurs even as the average cropping area per household is nearly three times smaller in Huancavelica than in Pasco.…”

Section: Conservation Of Landrace Diversity Amidst Market Specializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Potato Agrobiodiversity in the Highlands of Central Peru: A Case Study of Smallholder Management across Farming Landscapes

Arce

Haan

Juárez

et al. 2019

Land

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In the high Andes, environmental and socio-economic drivers are transforming agriculture and presumably affecting the in situ conservation of potato (Solanum spp.). To monitor the use and conservation of intraspecific diversity, systematic and comparative studies across agricultural land-use systems are needed. We investigated the spatial-temporal dynamics of potato in two landscapes of Peru’s central Andes: A highland plateau (Huancavelica) compared to an eastern slope (Pasco). We examined household-level areal allocations, altitudinal distribution, sectoral fallowing practices, and the conservation status for three main cultivar groups: (i) Bred varieties, (ii) floury landraces, and (iii) bitter landraces. Mixed methods were used to survey 323 households and the 1101 potato fields they managed in 2012–2013. We compared the contemporary altitudinal distribution of landraces with 1975–1985 altimeter data from the International Potato Center. Intensification is occurring in each landscape while maintaining high intraspecific diversity. Access to land and production for sale compared to consumption significantly affected smallholder management and differentiated landscapes. Most landraces were scarce across households: 45.4% in Huancavelica and 61.7% in Pasco. Potato cultivation has moved upward by an average of 306 m since 1975. Landrace diversity is versatile but unevenly distributed across landscapes. This requires adaptive ways to incentivize in situ conservation.

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The Nutritional Contribution of Potato Varietal Diversity in Andean Food Systems: a Case Study

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

Potato Germplasm Enhancement Enters the Genomics Era

Potato Germplasm Enhancement Enters the Genomics Era

The land-use dynamics of potato agrobiodiversity in the highlands of central Peru: a case study of spatial-temporal management across farming landscapes

The Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Potato Agrobiodiversity in the Highlands of Central Peru: A Case Study of Smallholder Management across Farming Landscapes

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