The Nursing Stress Scale: Development of an instrument

Gray-Toft, Pamela; Anderson, James G.

doi:10.1007/bf01321348

Cited by 513 publications

(465 citation statements)

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“…To analyze the specific stressors associated with the daily work of nursing staff, the project used a standardized study tool, namely, the Nursing Stress Scale NSS), designed by Gray-Toft and Anderson [22], and includes 34 statements on potentially stressful situations in the daily work of nursing staff. According to the original key, responses are given on the basis of a 4-point Likert-type scale, where 'never' is allocated one point, and 'very often' is allocated 4 points.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher the score, the higher the stress rate. According to the original key, particular statements on the scale should be classified under one of 7 measures of stressful situations in a nurse's work, including the following issues: nurse-physician conflicts, nurse-nurse conflicts, inadequate preparation, lack of support from co-workers and employers, workload and uncertainty about diagnostic treatment, death and dying [22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress factors vs. job satisfaction among nursing staff in the Pomeranian Province (Poland) and the Vilnius Region (Lithuania)

Kwiecień-Jaguś¹,

Mędrzycka‐Dąbrowska²,

Chamienia³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. In the opinion of many researchers, nursing staff are exposed to an exceptionally high level of occupational stress. The problem of stress in the working environment of the nursing staff becomes more and more important in the context of increasing staff shortages and insufficient support from colleagues and employers. The aim of this study was to analyse stress factors indicated by the nursing staff in Poland and Lithuania, and to assess their job satisfaction. Materials and method. Two standard research tools were used in the study: the Nursing Stress Scale and the Job Satisfaction Survey. The study involved 230 respondents from Poland and Lithuania. The sample was chosen randomly and incidentally. Results. Based on the analysis of collected materials, the greatest stress factors in the work of the nursing staff were identified, which included interpersonal conflicts between nurses and doctors and between nurses, and death and dying. The study indicated that there is a relationship between stress and job satisfaction among Polish nurses (r=-0.33;p=0.001) and Lithuanian nurses (r=0.34; p=0.001). The greater the stress, the lower the job satisfaction. Low job satisfaction was connected with low remuneration, which is still inadequate to professional duties, and the lack of promotion opportunities. The study confirmed that there were significant differences in job satisfaction among Polish and Lithuanian nurses (Z= -6.27; p<0.001). Conclusions. The study confirmed a high level of stress and dissatisfaction among nursing staff in Poland and Lithuania.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress factors vs. job satisfaction among nursing staff in the Pomeranian Province (Poland) and the Vilnius Region (Lithuania)

Kwiecień-Jaguś¹,

Mędrzycka‐Dąbrowska²,

Chamienia³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…The NSS is originally a four-point 33-item scale describing situations that have been identified as causing stress for nurses in the performance of their duties (Gray-Toft and Anderson, 1980b). It provides a total stress score as well as scores on each of the seven subscales measuring the frequency of stress experienced by nurses in a hospital environment.…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a 105 hours psychological training program on attitudes, communication skills and occupational stress in oncology: a randomised study

et al. 2004

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There is today a wide consensus regarding the need to improve communication skills (CS) of health-care professionals (HCPs) dealing with cancer patients. Psychological training programs (PTPs) may be useful to acquire the needed CS. Testing the efficacy of PTP will allow to define their optimal content. The present study was designed to assess the impact of a PTP on HCP stress, attitudes and CS, and on HCP and patients' satisfaction with HCP communication skills in a randomised study. A total of 115 oncology nurses were randomly assigned to a 105-h PTP or to a waiting list. Stress was assessed with the Nursing Stress Scale, attitudes with a Semantic Differential Questionnaire, CS used during one simulated and one actual patient interview with the Cancer Research Campaign Workshop Evaluation Manual, and satisfaction with the nurses' CS with a questionnaire completed by the patients and the nurses. Trained (TG) and control (CG) groups were compared at baseline, after 3 months (just following training for TG) and after 6 months (3 months after the end of training for TG). Compared to controls, trained nurses reported positive changes on their stress levels (Pp0.05) and on their attitudes (Pp0.05). Positive training effects were found on CS used during the simulated interview: a significant increase in facilitative behaviours (open questions: Pp0.001; evaluative functions: Pp0.05) and a significant decrease in inhibitory behaviours (inappropriate information: Pp0.01; false reassurance: Pp0.05). Less positive training effects were found regarding interviews with a cancer patient: a significant increase in educated guesses (Pp0.001) was noticed. No training effect was observed on nurses' satisfaction levels, but a positive training effect was found on patients' satisfaction levels (Pp0.01). Although results outline PTP efficacy, they indicate the need to design PTP, amplifying the transfer of learned CS to clinical practice.

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“…Prior to the turn of the century, the need to change the way nurses were educated and trained was highlighted in reports such as 'The Future of Nurse Education in Ireland' (1994) and 'A Framework for Continuing Nurse Education in Ireland' (1997). Responding to recommendations outlined by the 'Report of The Commission on Nursing' (Government of Ireland, 1998), the Nursing Education This study used a quantitative method with the 'Nursing Stress Scale' (Gray-Toft and Anderson, 1981a) to measure and compare levels of stress and stressors in newly qualified nurses and fourth-year student nurses within the clinical environment. This focuses on those participants who are on both sides of the transition between student nurse and newly qualified nurse for comparative purposes.…”

Section: Chapter 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It involves using a 22-item scale measuring three main areas of burnout, which are emotional exhaustion, cynicism and inefficiency (Maslach et al, 1996(Maslach et al, , 2003. Also included was 'The Nursing Stress Scale' (Gray-Toft and Anderson, 1981a), a 34-item questionnaire that identifies the sources of stress and potential stressful situations in the nursing environment with the higher the score the greater the stress level (Pinikahana and Happell, 2004). This scale was used by French et al (2000), who identified it as the best and most widely used scale to evaluate stress in nursing asserting that the aim of identifying sources of stress is the first step in the problem solving approach to its management.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and stressors in the clinical environment: a comparative study of fourth‐year student nurses and newly qualified general nurses in Ireland

Suresh

Matthews

Coyne

2012

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Aims and objectives. To measure and compare the perceived levels of job‐related stress and stressors of newly qualified nurses and fourth‐year student nurses in the clinical environment and to explore the participants’ views on stress and stressors. Background. Stress in the nursing workplace has significant consequences for the person, the patient and the organisation, such as psychological and physical health deterioration and impaired professional practice. To address this problem, stress and stressors need to be measured and identified. Design. This study used a cross‐sectional survey design and self‐reporting questionnaires to measure and compare levels of stress in both groups. Convenience sampling involved all newly qualified nurses (n = 120) and fourth‐year student nurses (n = 128) in Dublin North‐East region in Ireland. Methods. The instrument used was ‘The Nursing Stress Scale’ (Gray‐Toft & Anderson 1981, Journal of Behavioral Assessment3, 11–23). Descriptive, qualitative analysis was conducted on an open‐ended question. Data were obtained from newly qualified nurses (n = 31) and fourth‐year student nurses (n = 40) in six acute hospital sites. Results. Levels of perceived stress and stressors were high in both groups. Themes identified from the responses to the open question by both groups included excessive workload, difficult working relationships and unmet clinical learning needs. Student nurses also reported the combination of academic demands with clinical placement as a major stressor. There was no significant difference between each group. Conclusion. Stress continues to be a problem for nurses in the clinical setting. Excessive workload requires urgent attention by hospital managers in view of widespread retention difficulties. Themes identified could provide a framework for possible interventions for improving the clinical environment for nurses. Relevance to clinical practice. These results can help stakeholders in nurse education and practice to develop interventions to reduce stress for both groups and to ease the transition from student to graduate nurse.

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The Nursing Stress Scale: Development of an instrument

Abstract: Despite increased recognition of the stress experienced by hospital nursing staffs and its effects on burnout

Cited by 513 publications

References 23 publications

Stress factors vs. job satisfaction among nursing staff in the Pomeranian Province (Poland) and the Vilnius Region (Lithuania)

Stress factors vs. job satisfaction among nursing staff in the Pomeranian Province (Poland) and the Vilnius Region (Lithuania)

Effects of a 105 hours psychological training program on attitudes, communication skills and occupational stress in oncology: a randomised study

Stress and stressors in the clinical environment: a comparative study of fourth‐year student nurses and newly qualified general nurses in Ireland

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