The Numbers Always Count

Halstead, John

doi:10.1086/684707

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…23 Furthermore, as John Halstead argues, what ultimately matters is not whether ARC violates the independence of irrelevant alternatives, but rather whether it has the kind of counterintuitive implications that are generally associated with violations of this principle. 24 We can show that it does by dramatizing the implications of ARC as follows: Doctor 1 'There is one person with a strong claim in ward A, N people with moderate claims in ward B, and Nþ people with minor claims in ward C. We have only enough time to get to one ward, so we should head to ward B.' Doctor 2 'Actually, there is not enough time to get to ward A anyway.'…”

Section: Hortonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial aggregation in ethics

Horton

2021

Philosophy Compass

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Is there any number of people you should save from paralysis rather than saving one person from death? Is there any number of people you should save from a migraine rather than saving one person from death? Many people answer 'yes' and 'no', respectively. The aim of partially aggregative moral views is to capture and justify combinations of intuitions like these. These views contrast with fully aggregative moral views, which imply that the answer to both questions is 'yes', and with non-aggregative moral views, which imply that the answer to both questions is 'no'. In this article, I review the most natural and influential ways of developing partially aggregative views and explain the main problems they face. 1 | INTRODUCTION According to the moral view known as Act Utilitarianism, we should always maximize aggregate well-being. This view has plausible implications in a wide range of cases. However, it has very counterintuitive implications in cases in which we can save either a few people from severe burdens or many people from minor burdens. Suppose that in Death v Migraines: We can save either X from death or a huge number of people from migraines. Intuitively, we should save X, no matter how many people face migraines. But Act Utilitarianism implies that, if enough people face migraines, we should instead save them, for the well-being at stake for them will sum to more than the well-being at stake for X. There are other moral views that have this implication in Death v Migraines, and that have corresponding implications in equivalent cases. We can say that these views are fully aggregative. Act Utilitarianism is probably the most influential fully aggregative view, but these views can take many other forms. They can endorse moral options, which permit us to give extra weight to our own well-being and the well-being of those we love; require us to respect moral constraints, such as constraints against killing and breaking promises; and direct us to give extra weight to the well-being of the badly off. 1

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Section: Hortonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial aggregation in ethics

Horton

2021

Philosophy Compass

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“…From a certain angle, it can seem implausible that either of these options is morally preferable to the other: The two prospective outcomes For discussion of difficulties facing the proposal, see Badano (2016), Halstead (2016), and Voorhoeve (2017).…”

Section: Small Differences and Competing Claims To Aidmentioning

confidence: 99%

No free lunch: The significance of tiny contributions

Barnett

2017

Analysis

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“…In "The Responsible Administrator", he points out that public administrators make decisions every day based on a specific four-level process. These levels are (Alexander, 2005;Alexander, Ferzan, 2009;Brook, 2007;Doucet, 2013;Halstead, 2016):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ethics in Decision Making in Public and Private Organizations

2020

IJASOS

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Ethics is a relatively new field, which has recently been treated with great interest by many authors. This is also due to the fact that it is related to other areas of the economy, and not only. High-intensity business development has increased the attention of the contenders to pay attention to the way they behave during their work, activities and business activities. For Robin and Reidenbach (1987), business ethics requires the organization or individual to behave in accordance with the rules of thought of moral philosophy. Managers are considered the persons who carry most of the responsibility in an organization.

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The Numbers Always Count

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Partial aggregation in ethics

Partial aggregation in ethics

No free lunch: The significance of tiny contributions

Role of Ethics in Decision Making in Public and Private Organizations

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