The number of noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons in the brain stem does not change with age in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Monji, Akira; Morimoto, Nobumitsu; Okuyama, Iwao; Umeno, Kazuo; Nagatsu, Ikuko; Ibata, Yasuhiko; Tashiro, Nobutada

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91834-1

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…No differences were seen in the number of LC TH-ir neurons between the prenatal cocaine-and saline-treated groups, and our estimate of the population agrees with previous counts of NE neurons in the LC (e.g., Monji et al, 1994). A previous ex vivo study suggested that prenatal cocaine exposure induced a loss of LC NE neurons, as a significantly lower number (20%) of adhering unstained LC neurons were observed 2 days after dissection and plating of tissue harvested from offspring at P0-1 (Snow et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prenatal cocaine exposure enhances responsivity of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons: Role of autoreceptors

et al. 2007

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Children exposed to cocaine during gestation have a higher incidence of neurobehavioral deficits. The neurochemical bases of these deficits have not been determined, but the pharmacology of cocaine and the nature of the abnormalities suggest that disruptions in catecholaminergic systems may be involved. In the current study, we used a rat model of prenatal cocaine exposure to examine the impact that this exposure has on the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system in offspring. Pregnant rats received twice-daily intravenous injections of cocaine (3 mg/kg) or saline between gestational days 10 and 20, and progeny were tested as juveniles. Exposure to a mild stressor elevated an index of norepinephrine turnover in the prefrontal cortex and also increased Fos expression in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive LC neurons in rats exposed to prenatal cocaine but not in rats exposed to prenatal saline. No change in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the LC was observed between the two prenatal treatment groups. Specific binding of [ 125 I]-para-iodoclonidine, a radioligand with specificity for high affinity α2A-adrenergic receptors, was decreased in the LC of rats exposed to prenatal cocaine compared to prenatal saline controls. As α 2 -adrenergic receptors on LC norepinephrine neurons function as autoreceptors, their down-regulation by prenatal cocaine exposure provides a plausible mechanism for the observed heightened reactivity of norepinephrine neurons in these animals. These data indicate that prenatal cocaine exposure results in lasting changes to the regulation and responsivity of rat LC norepinephrine neurons. A similar dysregulation of LC norepinephrine neurons may occur in children exposed to cocaine during gestation, and this may explain, at least partly, the increased incidence of cognitive deficits that have been observed in these subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prenatal cocaine exposure enhances responsivity of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons: Role of autoreceptors

et al. 2007

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“…Many studies have also revealed a decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (Palmer and DeKosky, 1993), while others have reported otherwise (Irwin et al, 1994;Monji et al, 1994). Many researchers report that the number of noradrenaline neurons, which are present mostly in the locus coeruleus region, does not change greatly during aging (Palmer and DeKosky, 1993;Monji et al, 1994). In the case of Alzheimer-type dementia, the dopamine concentration and concentrations of dopamine metabolites are not very different from those of healthy subjects (Arai et al, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, studies have revealed that the degree of decrease in the catecholamine levels in the brain varies with the region of the brain (Strong et al, 1982;Venero et al, 1993). Many studies have also revealed a decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (Palmer and DeKosky, 1993), while others have reported otherwise (Irwin et al, 1994;Monji et al, 1994). Many researchers report that the number of noradrenaline neurons, which are present mostly in the locus coeruleus region, does not change greatly during aging (Palmer and DeKosky, 1993;Monji et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Immunocytochemical study of catecholaminergic neurons in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM-P8) brain

Karasawa

Nagatsu

Sakai

et al. 1997

J. Neural Transmission

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The catecholaminergic neurons of senescence-accelerated mice (SAM-P8) were analyzed by immunohistochemical microphotometry in terms of immunoreactivities to aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine (DA), or noradrenaline (NA). Accelerated senescence-resistant mice (SAM-R1) were used as control mice. The immunoreactivities to AADC, DA, and NA of the catecholaminergic neurons of the SAM-P8 mice were weaker than those of the SAM-R1 mice in all the brain regions. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and their terminal fibers in the substantia nigra as well as in noradrenergic neurons and their proximal dendrites in the locus coeruleus of the SAM-P8 mice. In contrast, there was no difference between the SAM-P8 and SAM-R1 mice in the distribution of AADC-only positive neurons (designated as D neurons in the rat brain by Jaeger et al.) nor in their immunoreactivities. These results may indicate that DA neurons in the substantia nigra and NA neurons in the locus coeruleus degenarate more rapidly during aging in SAM-P8 mice than in control SAM-R1 mice and that D neurons may function as a part of a compensatory system for the decreases in catecholaminergic neurons during aging.

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A5 noradrenergic neurons and breathing control in neonate rats

Taxini

Marques

Bícego

et al. 2021

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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The number of noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons in the brain stem does not change with age in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Prenatal cocaine exposure enhances responsivity of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons: Role of autoreceptors

Prenatal cocaine exposure enhances responsivity of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons: Role of autoreceptors

Immunocytochemical study of catecholaminergic neurons in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM-P8) brain

A5 noradrenergic neurons and breathing control in neonate rats

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