The number and size of jet drops produced by air bubbles bursting on a fresh water surface

Spiel, Donald E.

doi:10.1029/94jc00382

Cited by 67 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…From the relationship between the kinetic energy and the surface energy of the droplet, we can estimate the size and number of bubbles after impact. It is known that jet diameter and velocity are strongly correlated with bubble size 15,34,45 . Previously, we have shown using energy conservation that the maximum diameter of a droplet after impact is linearly proportional to the impact velocity 46 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol generation by raindrop impact on soil

2015

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Aerosols are investigated because of their significant impact on the environment and human health. To date, windblown dust and sea salt from sea spray through bursting bubbles have been considered the chief mechanisms of environmental aerosol dispersion. Here we investigate aerosol generation from droplets hitting wettable porous surfaces including various classifications of soil. We demonstrate that droplets can release aerosols when they influence porous surfaces, and these aerosols can deliver elements of the porous medium to the environment. Experiments on various porous media including soil and engineering materials reveal that knowledge of the surface properties and impact conditions can be used to predict when frenzied aerosol generation will occur. This study highlights new phenomena associated with droplets on porous media that could have implications for the investigation of aerosol generation in the environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol generation by raindrop impact on soil

2015

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“…The cavity potential energy is then focused into a jet whose velocity and shape strongly vary from one case to another. Subsequently, the jet fragments [23], generating one or more droplets [16,38]. From the top sequence to the bottom one the impact velocity increases, leading to larger cavities and various jet dynamics and drop sizes.…”

Section: Qualitative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Jet dynamics post drop impact on a deep pool

2017

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We investigate experimentally the jet formed by the collapse of a cavity created by the impact of a drop on a pool of the same aqueous liquid. We show that jets can emerge with very different shapes and velocities, depending on the impact parameters, thus generating droplets with various initial sizes and velocities. After presenting the jet velocity and top drop radius variation as a function of the impact parameters, we discuss the influence of the liquid parameters on the jet velocity. This allows us to define two different regimes: the singular jet and the cavity jet regimes, where the mechanisms leading to the cavity retraction and subsequent jet dynamics are drastically different. In particular, we demonstrate that in the first regime, a singular capillary wave collapse sparks the whole jet dynamics, making the jet's fast, thin, liquid parameters dependent and barely reproducible. On the contrary, in the cavity jet regime, defined for higher impact Froude numbers, the jets are fat and slow. We show that jet velocity is simply proportional to the capillary velocity √ γ /ρ l D d , where γ is the liquid surface tension, ρ l the liquid density, and D d the impacting drop diameter, and it is in particular independent of viscosity, impact velocity, and gravity, even though the cavity is larger than the capillary length. Finally, we demonstrate that capillary wave collapse and cavity retraction are correlated in the singular regime and decorrelated in the cavity jet regime.

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“…The number of film and jet drops produced depends on the size of the bubble [e.g., Blanchard, 1963;Blanchard and Syzdek, 1988]: Small bubbles produce only jet drops; large bubbles produce only film drops. The size of the jet drops is about 1/10 of the parent bubble diameter size D b [Blanchard, 1963;Spiel 1994], which places the jet drops in the supermicrometer aerosol size range. Spiel [1997a] deduced that a maximum number of six jet droplets can be produced and that bubbles larger than 3.4 mm D b produce no jet drops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory simulations and parameterization of the primary marine aerosol production

et al. 2003

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[1] A major source of the primary marine aerosol is the bursting of air bubbles produced by breaking waves. Several source parameterizations are available from the literature, usually limited to particles with a dry diameter D p > 1 mm. The objective of this work is to extend the current knowledge to submicrometer particles. Bubbles were generated in synthetic seawater using a sintered glass filter, with a size spectra that are only partly the same spectra as measured in the field. Bubble spectra, and size distributions of the resulting aerosol (0.020-20.0 mm D p ) of the resulting aerosol, were measured for different salinity, water temperature (T w ), and bubble flux. The spectra show a minimum at $1 mm D p , which separates two modes, one at $0.1 mm, with the largest number of particles, and one at 2.5 mm D p . The modes show different behavior with the variation of salinity and water temperature. When the water temperature increases, the number concentration N p decreases for D p < 0.07 mm, whereas for D p > 0.35 mm, N p increases. The salinity effect suggests different droplet formation processes for droplets smaller and larger than 0.2 mm D p . The number of particles produced per size increment, time unit, and whitecap surface (È) is described as a linear function of T w and a polynomial function of D p . Combining È with the whitecap coverage fraction W (in percent), an expression results for the primary marine aerosol source flux dF 0 /dlogD p = W È (m À2 s À1 ). The results are compared with other commonly used formulations as well as with recent field observations. Implications for aerosol-induced effects on climate are discussed.

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The number and size of jet drops produced by air bubbles bursting on a fresh water surface

Cited by 67 publications

References 15 publications

Aerosol generation by raindrop impact on soil

Aerosol generation by raindrop impact on soil

Jet dynamics post drop impact on a deep pool

Laboratory simulations and parameterization of the primary marine aerosol production

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