The Nuffield Home Economics project

Abstract

Nuffield Home Economics is the first major curriculum development for pupils in the 13-16 age-range. The materials are designed to cover home economics education in two phases: a basic course for pupils up to the age of 14 years and a 2-year second-phase course to include the 16+ examination. The subject is divided into four areas of study: I. Food science. Food as a resource; the biological, chemical and physical nature of food; the principles of food handling; the methods of preparation and cooking and their effects on food (Nuffield Home Economics, 1983d,e, 2. Nutrition. The study of people and food; evidence of the effects of different diets on growth and health; current viewpoints (Nuffield Home Economics, 3. Fibres and fabrics. Materials and their properties; the importance of textiles in daily life from bandages to car tyres; the principles behind textiles, dress and fashion (Nuffield Home Economics, 1983a,b,c). 4. People and homes. Homes as shelters and ways of meeting individual and family needs; the scientific principles underlying the effective and economic management of the home and its equipment; child care and development (Nuffield Home Economics, 1984e,f,g).

Pulmonary arterial banding in mice may be a suitable model for studies on ventricular mechanics in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension

“…1 a–d). Directional strains were defined as follows: radial direction is normal to the mid-curve pointing outside the myocardium; circumferential direction runs along the circumference of the myocardium in the short axis plane, defined in such a way that the radial–longitudinal–circumferential coordinate system is right-handed; and longitudinal direction runs from the apex to the base [ 9 , 21 ]. Peak strains and displacements, taken as the maximum absolute value, for each direction and for each ventricle were measured in all subjects and mice.…”

“…demonstrated that in electrically isolated canine hearts, approximately 70% of RV pressure and pulmonary flow was generated during LV contraction alone [ 7 ] emphasizing the importance of proper LV function for normal RV function. A study on patients with a systemic-loaded RV demonstrated that LV mechanical dysfunction in ventricular strain and twisting had a significant effect on RV mechanics [ 8 ], and others have shown prognostic value in reduced LV and RV myocardial strain for prediction of adverse outcome in both adults [ 9 ] and children [ 10 ]. These studies are strongly indicative of the LV’s influence on RV function, yet they do not investigate altered ventricular mechanical interdependence longitudinally in PAH, nor explore potential therapeutic interventions.…”