The Nucleus Retroambiguus Control of Respiration

Subramanian, Hari H.; Holstege, Gert

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0607-09.2009

Cited by 63 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similar findings have been obtained by Poliacek et al (2007). Respiratory modulation triggered by EAA receptor stimulation of the NRA region, comprising the cVRG, has been confirmed and analyzed in more detail by recent studies (Subramanian and Holstege 2009;Jones et al, 2016). The hypothesis was advanced that cVRG neurons may affect the pattern of breathing, possibly through axon collaterals when strongly activated (Bongianni et al, 1994).…”

Section: Caudal Ventral Respiratory Group (Nucleus Retroambigualis)supporting

confidence: 68%

Brainstem mechanisms underlying the cough reflex and its regulation

Mutolo

2017

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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A B S T R A C TCough is a very important airway protective reflex. Cough-related inputs are conveyed to the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (cNTS) that projects to the brainstem respiratory network. The latter is reconfigured to generate the cough motor pattern. A high degree of modulation is exerted on second-order neurons and the brainstem respiratory network by sensory inputs and higher brain areas. Two medullary structures proved to have key functions in cough production and to be strategic sites of action for centrally active drugs: the cNTS and the caudal ventral respiratory group (cVRG). Drugs microinjected into these medullary structures caused downregulation or upregulation of the cough reflex. The results suggest that inhibition and disinhibition are prominent regulatory mechanisms of this reflex and that both the cNTS and the cVRG are essential in the generation of the entire cough motor pattern. Studies on the basic neural mechanisms subserving the cough reflex may provide hints for novel therapeutic approaches. Different proposals for further investigations are advanced.

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Section: Caudal Ventral Respiratory Group (Nucleus Retroambigualis)supporting

confidence: 68%

Brainstem mechanisms underlying the cough reflex and its regulation

Mutolo

2017

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…The depressant effects on the cough reflex obtained with microinjections of CP-99,994 into the cVRG are possibly related to substance P (SP) release from different sources, but most probably from the raphe nuclei, that are a source of SP also for the NTS (42). In this context, it should also be mentioned that neurons of the periaqueductal gray project to cVRG neurons (29,58,60,67) and are involved in the production of vocalization. However, these higher brain stem regions that have access to the cVRG may also be involved in other behaviors including coughing (60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, it should also be mentioned that neurons of the periaqueductal gray project to cVRG neurons (29,58,60,67) and are involved in the production of vocalization. However, these higher brain stem regions that have access to the cVRG may also be involved in other behaviors including coughing (60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression of cough reflex by microinjections of antitussive agents into caudal ventral respiratory group of the rabbit

Mutolo¹,

Bongianni

Cinelli

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Mutolo D, Bongianni F, Cinelli E, Pantaleo T. Depression of cough reflex by microinjections of antitussive agents into caudal ventral respiratory group of the rabbit. J Appl Physiol 109: 1002-1010, 2010. First published July 22, 2010 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00406.2010.-We have previously shown that the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii is a site of action of some antitussive drugs and that the caudal ventral respiratory group (cVRG) region has a crucial role in determining both the expiratory and inspiratory components of the cough motor pattern. These findings led us to suggest that the cVRG region, and possibly other neural substrates involved in cough regulation, may be sites of action of antitussive drugs. To address this issue, we investigated changes in baseline respiratory activity and cough responses to tracheobronchial mechanical stimulation following microinjections (30 -50 nl) of some antitussive drugs into the cVRG of pentobarbital-anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rabbits. [D-Ala 2 ,N-Me-Phe 4 ,Gly 5 -ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) and baclofen at the lower concentrations (0.5 mM and 0.1 mM, respectively) decreased cough number, peak abdominal activity, and peak tracheal pressure and increased cough-related total cycle duration (TT). At the higher concentrations (5 mM and 1 mM, respectively), both drugs abolished the cough reflex. DAMGO and baclofen also affected baseline respiratory activity. Both drugs reduced peak abdominal activity, while only DAMGO increased TT, owing to increases in expiratory time. The neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist CP-99,994 (10 mM) decreased cough number, peak abdominal activity, and peak tracheal pressure, without affecting baseline respiration. The NK 2 receptor antagonist MEN 10376 (5 mM) had no effect. The results indicate that the cVRG is a site of action of some antitussive agents and support the hypothesis that several neural substrates involved in cough regulation may share this characteristic.control of breathing; -opioid receptors; GABAB receptors; neurokinin receptors; expiratory activity -ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), the GABA B receptor agonist baclofen, the neurokinin-1 (NK 1 ) receptor antagonist CP-99,994, and the NK 2 receptor antagonist MEN 10376. We also proposed (42) that several neural substrates involved in the regulation of cough (12,16,17,31,44,46,48,56,57) may be sites of action of antitussive drugs. In agreement with our previous suggestion and preliminary results (17, 42, 44) as well as the proposal by Bolser and colleagues (12, 49), the responsive sites may comprise, in particular, the caudal part of the ventral respiratory column (2), i.e., the so-called caudal ventral respiratory group (cVRG), where bulbospinal expiratory neurons are concentrated (6,30,63).Several morphological and electrophysiological lines of evidence indicate that cVRG expiratory neurons are probably not involved in respiratory rhythmogenesis since very likely they do not have medullary axon collaterals (6,14,30,41,63). However, microinjections of the broad-spectrum excitato...

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“…The lateral hypothalamus has been ascribed a role in the functioning of the larynx [20] and pharynx [21], as well as in the control of vocalization [22]. Preliminary experiments in which Cre-dependent tracers were injected into the parvafox nucleus have disclosed a projection to the nucleus retroambiguus [9], which contains premotor interneurons capable to produce the motor actions required for vocalization [23]. In addition to its role in the control of vocalization, the lateral hypothalamus also harbours neuronal representations of reward value [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in 50-kHz call-numbers and suppression of tickling-associated positive affective behaviour after lesioning of the lateral hypothalamic parvafox nucleus in rats

Roccaro-Waldmeyer

Babalian

Müller

et al. 2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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h i g h l i g h t s• Wistar rats were tickled before and after excitotoxic lesioning of the lateral hypothalamic parvafox nucleus.• Ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs) that were emitted during the tickling of rats and their tendency to approach and follow the experimenter's hand were analysed.• Lesioning was considered successful if the number of parvalbuminimmunoreactive (PV-ir) cells in the area of the parvafox nucleus was reduced beyond a threshold level.• Rats with bilaterally successful lesions manifested the most profound surgery-associated reduction in the number of 50-kHz USVs and in the tendency to approach and follow the experimenter's hand.• Positive correlations were found between each of the four investigated parameters. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c tThe parvafox nucleus is located ventrolaterally in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Its core and shell are composed of neurons expressing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) and the transcription factor Foxb1, respectively. Given the known functions of the LHA and that the parvafox nucleus receives afferents from the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and projects to the periaqueductal gray matter, a functional role of this entity in the expression of positive emotions has been postulated.The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether the deletion of neurons in the parvafox nucleus influenced the tickling-induced 50-kHz calls, which are thought to reflect positive affective states, in rats. To this end, tickling of the animals (heterospecific play) was combined with intracerebral injections of the excitotoxin kainic acid into the parvafox nucleus.The most pronounced surgery-associated reduction in 50-kHz call-numbers was observed in the group of rats in which, on the basis of PV-immunoreactive-cell counts in the parvafox nucleus, bilateral lesions had been successfully produced. Two other parameters that were implemented to quantify positive affective behaviour, namely, an approach towards and a following of the hand of the tickling * Corresponding author at: Institute of Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Rte A. Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.E-mail address: marco.celio@unifr.ch (M.R. Celio). 1Published in which should be cited to refer to this work.http://doc.rero.ch experimenter, were likewise most markedly suppressed in the group of rats with bilaterally successful lesions. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between each of the investigated parameters. Our data afford evidence that the parvafox nucleus plays a role in the production of 50-kHz calls in rats, and, more generally, in the expression of positive emotions.

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The Nucleus Retroambiguus Control of Respiration

Cited by 63 publications

References 25 publications

Brainstem mechanisms underlying the cough reflex and its regulation

Brainstem mechanisms underlying the cough reflex and its regulation

Depression of cough reflex by microinjections of antitussive agents into caudal ventral respiratory group of the rabbit

Reduction in 50-kHz call-numbers and suppression of tickling-associated positive affective behaviour after lesioning of the lateral hypothalamic parvafox nucleus in rats

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