“…PFC function is necessary for context and cue extinction (Laurent & Westbrook, 2009), and there is evidence in humans and rodents that resistance to cue extinction is associated with reduced PFC plasticity in adolescence (Ganella, Drummond, Ganella, Whittle, & Kim, 2018; Kim, Li, & Richardson, 2011). While the PFC is also involved in instrumental extinction (Gass & Chandler, 2013; Peters, Kalivas, & Quirk, 2009), other brain regions such as NAc play a more critical role (Gibson, Millan, & McNally, 2019; Millan, Marchant, & McNally, 2011). There is evidence that the NAc matures faster than the PFC in rodents and humans (Mengler et al., 2014; Mills, Goddings, Clasen, Giedd, & Blakemore, 2014), explaining why context extinction but not instrumental extinction was impaired in adolescent rats.…”