The nucleotide sequence of the 5? non-coding and capsid coding genome regions of two bovine enterovirus strains

McNally, Rachel M.; Earle, J. A. P.; McIlhatton, Michael A.; Hoey, Elizabeth M.; Martin, S. J.

doi:10.1007/bf01310792

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…A stem-loop found between nt 188-222 in the PV31 genome (Skinner et at., 1989) does not exist in BEVs and it was excluded from the analysis. The last stem-loop, which occurs between nt 585-620 in the PV31 genome, could not be found in BEVs, although the nucleotides contributing to the first half of the stem-loop in human enteroviruses are very conserved between BEVs and human enteroviruses (McNally et al, 1994). Therefore, only the conserved half of the stem-loop was (b), 336 nt of the region coding for protein 3AB (c) and 1938 nt of the region coding for protein 3CD (d).…”

Section: Cav16-like Bev-likementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alignment of the BEVs with human enteroviruses revealed that BEVs have an insertion of about I00 nt after the first cloverleaf structure. The insertion which seems to be a duplication of the first cloverleaf structure (McNally et al, 1994). This extra stem-loop structure was excluded from the BEVs in the phylogenetic analysis.…”

Section: Cav16-like Bev-likementioning

confidence: 99%

“…SVDV has been shown to be genetically very close to human CBVs (Inoue et aI., 1989), being most closely related to CBV5 (Zhang et al, 1993). Although representatives of the two BEV serotypes are genetically related to human enteroviruses they form a distinct group in the enterovirus genus (Earle et aI., 1988;McNally et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Genetic and phylogenetic clustering of enteroviruses

Pöyry

Kinnunen

Hyypiä

et al. 1996

Journal of General Virology

170

114

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Section: Cav16-like Bev-likementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cav16-like Bev-likementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genetic and phylogenetic clustering of enteroviruses

Pöyry

Kinnunen

Hyypiä

et al. 1996

Journal of General Virology

170

114

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“…According to their work, bovine enteroviruses are classified into two serotypes, which are currently within the species Bovine enterovirus (BEV) of the genus Enterovirus (Stanway et al, 2005). However, after accumulation of enterovirus sequence data (Earle et al, 1988;McNally et al, 1994;McCarthy et al, 1999;Goens et al, 2004), concerns arose as to whether the present classification correctly represents the genetic diversity of bovine enteroviruses. In the present study, we sequenced six BEV strains that were collected in the USA (between 1957 and 1962) and deposited in the ATCC, as well as 11 recent field isolates from Germany (collected between 1982 and 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-based reclassification of the bovine enteroviruses

Zell

Krumbholz

Dauber

et al. 2006

Journal of General Virology

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Bovine enteroviruses are currently classified into two serotypes within the species Bovine enterovirus (BEV). Comparison of the sequences of six American and eleven German BEV isolates with published BEV sequences revealed the necessity to revise the taxonomy of these viruses. Molecular data indicate that the bovine enteroviruses are composed of two clusters (designated BEV-A and -B) each with two and three geno-/serotypes, respectively. Whereas low amino acid identity of the capsid proteins 1C (VP3) and 1D (VP1) is the main criterion for the discrimination of geno-/serotypes, the BEV clusters, presumably representing species, differ in sequence identity of all viral proteins. In addition, characteristic lengths of (i) the capsid proteins 1B, 1C and 1D, (ii) the 2C protein, and (iii) the 39-non-translated region are observed. The BEVs can be distinguished from the other enteroviruses by sequence identity and unique features of the 59-non-translated region, i.e. a conserved second cloverleaf and characteristic RNA structures of the internal ribosome entry site. Phylogenetically, the closest relatives of the bovine enteroviruses are the porcine enteroviruses. Incongruent phylogenies of the 59-non-translated region, the capsid proteins and the 3D polymerase indicate frequent intraserotypic and interserotypic recombination within the non-capsid and the capsid region of the BEV genome.

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“…Currently, only two BEV serotypes are recognized, serotype 1 (BEV-1) and serotype 2 (BEV-2) (12,18,35). Infection with BEV does not cause serious animal health problems, and it is usually asymptomatic; however, viruses are excreted in feces in large amounts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Bovine Enterovirus in Biological and Environmental Samples by a Highly Sensitive Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR

Jiménez‐Clavero

Escribano-Romero

Mansilla

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Animal enteroviruses shed in the feces of infected animals are likely environmental contaminants and thus can be used as indicators of animal fecal pollution. Previous work has demonstrated that bovine enterovirus (BEV) present in bovine feces contaminates waters adjacent to cattle herds and that BEV-like sequences are also present in shellfish and in deer feces from the same geographical area. However, little information is available about the prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and genomic sequence variation of BEV field isolates. Here we describe an optimized highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription-PCR method to detect BEV RNA in biological and environmental samples. A combination of the amplification procedure with a previously described filtration step with electropositive filters allowed us to detect up to 12 BEV RNA molecules per ml of water. The feasibility of using the method to detect BEV in surface waters at a high risk of fecal pollution was confirmed after analysis of water samples obtained from different sources. The method was also used to study the prevalence of BEV in different cattle herds around Spain, and the results revealed that 78% (78 of 100) of the fecal samples were BEV positive. BEV-like sequences were also detected in feces from sheep, goats, and horses. Nucleotide sequence analyses showed that BEV isolates are quite heterogeneous and suggested the presence of species-specific BEV-like variants. Detection of BEV-like sequences may help in the differentiation and characterization of animal sources of contamination.The environment, including surface waters, is often contaminated with enteric viruses (4, 33), a heterogeneous group of viruses that comprises enteroviruses, noroviruses (Norwalklike viruses), astroviruses, rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses, and hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses. Enteroviruses are characterized by their stability, both in the gastrointestinal tract and in the environment, and thus are excreted in feces in large amounts and persist in the environment for long times. As their main transmission route is the fecal-oral route, food and water contaminated with these viruses are major sources of infection. In addition, it is known that rain contributes greatly to dissemination of these viruses in the environment, and therefore, surface waters are believed to be important enteric virus reservoirs.One of the best-studied groups of enteric viruses is the human enteroviruses, in the family Picornaviridae, which have long been recognized as indicators of fecal contamination of water (1,4,5,23,25,26,33). Although less is known about animal enteroviruses, it might be expected that these viruses are also good markers of environmental fecal contamination. Moreover, as most enteroviruses have a narrow host range, usually showing a strong preference for infection of one (or a few related) animal species, their presence in water can indicate that one or a few species are the source of contamination.In this regard, we have recently shown that viruses belonging to the ...

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The nucleotide sequence of the 5? non-coding and capsid coding genome regions of two bovine enterovirus strains

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Genetic and phylogenetic clustering of enteroviruses

Genetic and phylogenetic clustering of enteroviruses

Molecular-based reclassification of the bovine enteroviruses

Survey of Bovine Enterovirus in Biological and Environmental Samples by a Highly Sensitive Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR

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