The Nucleotide Sequence of Shiga Toxin (Stx) 2e-Encoding Phage φP27 Is Not Related to Other Stx Phage Genomes, but the Modular Genetic Structure Is Conserved

Recktenwald, Jürgen; Schmidt, Herbert

doi:10.1128/iai.70.4.1896-1908.2002

Cited by 85 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…All E. coli O111 strains included in those experiments carried a similar region downstream of the stx 1 gene, which is distinct from that of Stx phages present in other STEC serotypes (Unkmeir & Schmidt, 2000). Our findings confirm previous conclusions that although Stx phages share a similar morphology, a similar mode of replication and a similar genomic structure, they can be heterogeneous at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid level (Recktenwald & Schmidt, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Genetic structure and chromosomal integration site of the cryptic prophage CP-1639 encoding Shiga toxin 1

et al. 2005

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The sequence of 50 625 bp of chromosomal DNA derived from Shiga-toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O111 : H− strain 1639/77 was determined. This DNA fragment contains the cryptic Stx1-encoding prophage CP-1639 and its flanking chromosomal regions. The genome of CP-1639 basically resembles that of lambdoid phages in structure, but contains three IS629 elements, one of which disrupts the gene of a tail fibre component. The prophage genome lacks parts of the recombination region including integrase and excisionase genes. Moreover, a capsid protein gene is absent. CP-1639 is closely associated with an integrase gene of an ancient integrative element. This element consists of three ORFs of unknown origin and a truncated integrase gene homologous to intA of CP4-57. By PCR analysis and sequencing, it was shown that this integrative element is present in a number of non-O157 STEC serotypes and in non-STEC strains, where it is located at the 3′-end of the chromosomal ssrA gene. Whereas in most E. coli O111 : H− strains, prophages are inserted in this site, E. coli O26 strains contain the integrative element not connected to a prophage. In E. coli O103 strains, the genetic structure of this region is variable. Comparison of DNA sequences of this particular site in E. coli O157 : H7 strain EDL933, E. coli O111 : H− strain 1639/77 and E. coli K-12 strain MG1655 showed that the ssrA gene is associated in all cases with the presence of foreign DNA. The results of this study have shown that the cryptic prophage CP-1639 is associated with an integrative element at a particular site in the E. coli chromosome that possesses high genetic variability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Genetic structure and chromosomal integration site of the cryptic prophage CP-1639 encoding Shiga toxin 1

et al. 2005

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“…Morphologically, this results in a replication-competent Mu-like myovirus and another dilemma for phage taxonomy. A similar siphovirus-myovirus recombinant was found in E. coli phage P27 (175). Also, Xylella fastidiosa prophages XfP1 and XfP2 combine DNA-packaging genes from lambdoid phages with tail genes from P2-like Myoviridae (187) (Fig.…”

Section: Chimeric Prophagesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prophage Genomics

Canchaya

Proux

Fournous

et al. 2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

631

621

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The majority of the bacterial genome sequences deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database contain prophage sequences. Analysis of the prophages suggested that after being integrated into bacterial genomes, they undergo a complex decay process consisting of inactivating point mutations, genome rearrangements, modular exchanges, invasion by further mobile DNA elements, and massive DNA deletion. We review the technical difficulties in defining such altered prophage sequences in bacterial genomes and discuss theoretical frameworks for the phage-bacterium interaction at the genomic level. The published genome sequences from three groups of eubacteria (low- and high-G+C gram-positive bacteria and γ-proteobacteria) were screened for prophage sequences. The prophages from Streptococcus pyogenes served as test case for theoretical predictions of the role of prophages in the evolution of pathogenic bacteria. The genomes from further human, animal, and plant pathogens, as well as commensal and free-living bacteria, were included in the analysis to see whether the same principles of prophage genomics apply for bacteria living in different ecological niches and coming from distinct phylogenetical affinities. The effect of selection pressure on the host bacterium is apparently an important force shaping the prophage genomes in low-G+C gram-positive bacteria and γ-proteobacteria

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“…Recktenwald and Schmidt (17) recently reported that an Stx2e-encoding phage, ø27, is integrated in yecE located in the 194͞195 segment, and that its genome structure markedly differs from either Sp5 or Sp15. Because the phage was isolated from a non-O157 strain, the finding implies that EHEC strains belonging to different lineages have acquired stx by infection with different types of Stx phages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic diversity of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 revealed by whole genome PCR scanning

Ohnishi

Terajima

Kurokawa

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

167

143

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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 is one of the leading worldwide public health concerns, causing large outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis as well as numerous small outbreaks and sporadic cases. The variability of restriction enzyme-digestion patterns of O157 genomes, which is widely used to distinguish strains in the molecular epidemiology of O157 infections, suggests the presence of some genomic diversity among the strains. Based on the complete genome sequence of O157 Sakai, we analyzed the whole genome structures of eight O157 strains displaying diverse XbaI-digestion patterns by a systematic PCR analysis that we have named whole genome PCR scanning. This analysis identified not only the O157-specific sequences that are highly conserved among the strains, but also revealed an unexpectedly high degree of genomic diversity. In particular, prophages, including Shiga toxintransducing phages, exhibited extensive structural and positional diversity, implying that variation of bacteriophages is a major factor in generating genomic diversity among the O157 lineage.

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The Nucleotide Sequence of Shiga Toxin (Stx) 2e-Encoding Phage φP27 Is Not Related to Other Stx Phage Genomes, but the Modular Genetic Structure Is Conserved

Cited by 85 publications

References 72 publications

Genetic structure and chromosomal integration site of the cryptic prophage CP-1639 encoding Shiga toxin 1

Genetic structure and chromosomal integration site of the cryptic prophage CP-1639 encoding Shiga toxin 1

Prophage Genomics

Genomic diversity of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 revealed by whole genome PCR scanning

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