The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from Mycoplasma capricolum

Hori, Hiroshi; Sawada, Makoto; Osawa, Syozo; Murao, Kazuya; Ishikura, Hisayuki

doi:10.1093/nar/9.20.5407

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the parsimony tree, the pathogenic bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was the closest relative of the mycoplasmas. The observed branching of the mycoplasmas with the low-G+C-content gram-positive eubacteria is consistent with the branching observed previously on 16s and 5s rRNA trees (6,17,20,30,32), the RecA protein sequences (8,18), and a number of other characteristics (20). The fact that different gene and protein sequences, which differ in other important respects (8,12,5,20,30,32), all support a similar evolutionary placement of mycoplasma species strongly indicates that the observed relationship is reliable and that it likely represents the species phylogeny.…”

Section: Lkyn-rs--k-ikhl--nvvnk-g ---N-p---a-lkhfrsrsscgptr ---Sspa--supporting

confidence: 90%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Mycoplasmas Based on Hsp70 Sequences: Cloning of the dnaK (hsp70) Gene Region of Mycoplasma capricolum

Falah

Gupta²

1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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A 5.0-kb region containing the hsp70 (dnaK) gene was cloned from Mycoplasmu capricolum and sequenced. In addition to the hsp70 gene, this sequence region also contained the complete sequences for the grpE and orfA genes and partial sequences for the clpB and dnaJ genes. The order of the above gene sequences in the cloned fragment was found to be clpB-orfA-~pE-hsp70-dn~, which is similar to the order seen in various other gram-positive groups of bacteria. The Hsp70 homologs from two mycoplasma species, Mycoplasma capricolum and Mycoplasma genitalium, contain a number of sequence signatures, including the absence of a large insert in the N-terminal quadrant, that are characteristics of the homologs from gram-positive bacteria and archaebacteria. A detailed phylogenetic analysis based on Hsp70 sequences was also performed. In neighbor-joining and parsimony trees based on Hsp70 sequences, both mycoplasma species branched with the low-G+ C-content gram-positive group of bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Erysipelothrix species) in 87% and 96% of the bootstrap replicates, respectively, indicating their close evolutionary relationship to this group. The phylogenetic trees based on Hsp70 sequences show a polyphyletic branching of archaebacteria with the gram-positive species, which is statistically strongly favored.Mycoplasma species are the smallest free-living microorganisms known. They lack a typical eubacterial cell wall, periplasmic space, and an outer membrane (20,26,27). Their genomes are far smaller than the typical genomes of prokaryotes (they are one-sixth to one-third the size of the Escherichia cofi genome) and approach the theoretical size limit for genomes of free-living organisms (1 1, 20, 27). Mycoplasma species are distinct because of their genome size and their strict requirement for exogenous sterol (20,26). The peculiar characteristics of rnycoplasma species have aroused considerable interest concerning the evolution of these organisms. Phylogenetic studies based on 16s rRNA sequence data have indicated that the mycoplasmas branch with the low-G+C-content subgroup of gram-positive eubacteria, namely, the Lactobacillus group (20,30,32). Due to the limited genome size, many gene functions are absent from mycoplasmas; however, heat shock treatment of Mycopfusma capiicolum cells has been reported to cause increased synthesis of seven distinct protein bands, including a 70-kDa protein which reacts with antibodies to the E. coli DnaK protein (5). In our recent work we have been utilizing sequence data for the Hsp70 family of proteins to examine the evolutionary relationships among different groups of species (9, 14-16). Because of their large size and high degree of sequence conservation (the most conserved proteins found in any species) the Hsp70 proteins are well suited for examining deep phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analyses based on Hsp70 sequences and several other protein sequences have revealed a number of important differences from rRNA-based phylogenies (1,2,4,12,14,15,29). In particula...

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Section: Lkyn-rs--k-ikhl--nvvnk-g ---N-p---a-lkhfrsrsscgptr ---Sspa--supporting

confidence: 90%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Mycoplasmas Based on Hsp70 Sequences: Cloning of the dnaK (hsp70) Gene Region of Mycoplasma capricolum

Falah

Gupta²

1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…The data for E. coli (22), B. subtilis (23), Lactobacillus brevis (24), Streptococcus faecalis (24), S. cremoris (25), C. pasteurianum (26), Spiroplasma sp. strain BC3 (14), M. capricolum (21), and M. mycoides capri (14) have been reported previously. The residue U has been inserted into position 8 4 and 121.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The three mycoplasma 5S rRNAs previously sequenced (14,21) were reported to be distinctly shorter. The eight mycoplasmas and C. innocuum sequenced in this study were also found to be shorter than typical eubacterial 5S rRNAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Construction of the mycoplasma evolutionary tree from 5S rRNA sequence data.

Rogers¹,

Simmons²,

Walker³

et al. 1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

162

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The 5S rRNA sequences of eubacteria and mycoplasmas have been analyzed and a phylogenetic tree constructed. We determined the sequences of 5S rRNA from CMstridium innocuum, Acholeplasma laidlawii, Acholeplasma modicum, Anaeroplasma bactoclasticum, Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Analysis of these and published sequences shows that mycoplasmas form a coherent phylogenetic group that, with C. innocuum, arose as a branch of the low G+C Gram-positive tree, near the lactobacilli and streptococci. The initial event in mycoplasma phylogeny was formation of the Acholeplasma branch; hence, loss of cell wall probably occurred at the time of genome reduction to lO000 MDa. A subsequent branch produced the Spiroplasma. This branch appears to have been the origin of sterol-requiring mycoplasmas. During development of the Spiroplasma branch there were several independent genome reductions, each to -500 MDa, resulting in Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species. Mycoplasmas, particularly species with the smallest genomes, have high mutation rates, suggesting that they are in a state of rapid evolution.The wall-less prokaryotes are grouped in the class Mollicutes and are referred to as mycoplasmas (1). Mycoplasma genera (Table 1) are diverse in terms of their biochemistry, ecological niches, and genome structure. In addition, some of these organisms are significant animal, plant, and insect pathogens. Two aspects of mycoplasma biology are of particular interest. First, some mycoplasmas (i.e., Spiroplasma, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, and some Anaeroplasma species) are the only prokaryotes known to require cholesterol for growth; and, second, mycoplasmas have the smallest amounts of genetic information of any free-living organisms. Mycoplasma DNAs contain a low percentage of G+C.Mycoplasma genomes fall into two size classes. Acholeplasma, Spiroplasma, and Thermoplasma genomes are "1000 MDa, a size that is rare but not unknown among eubacteria (reviewed in ref.2). Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma genomes are "500 MDa, the smallest reported cellular genomes. This is only slightly larger than the theoretical minimal amount of genetic information for a cellular system (4), indicating that the complexity of mycoplasma cells must be constrained by their limited genome content.The origin and phylogenetic relationships of mycoplasmas have been of interest because these cells are the result of natural selection operating within the constraint of limited genome complexity. In the past decade, a number of studies indicated that particular biochemical properties of some Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species are closer to those of Gram-positive than to Gram-negative eubacteria (reviewed in refs. 2 and 3). A more complete view of mycoplasma evolution came from a recent comparative analysis of 16S rRNA oligonucleotide catalogs of Acholeplasma laidlawii, Spiroplasma citri, Mycoplasma capricolum, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Thermoplasma acidophilum with ...

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“…Hori and colleagues (11) have sequenced the 5S rRNA of Mycoplasma capricolum and have confirmed the close relationship between this species and gram-positive eubacteria. A more extensive phylogenetic analysis of mollicute 5S rRNAs by Rogers and associates (32) was based upon the 5S rRNA sequences of C. innocuum and 10 mollicutes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

A phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas: basis for their classification

et al. 1989

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Small-subunit rRNA sequences were determined for almost 50 species of mycoplasmas and their walled relatives, providing the basis for a phylogenetic systematic analysis of these organisms. Five groups of mycoplasmas per se were recognized (provisional names are given): the hominis group (which included species such as Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma lipophilum, Mycoplasma pulmonis, and Mycoplasma neurolyticum), the pneumoniae group (which included species such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma muris), the spiroplasma group (which included species such as Mycoplasma mycoides, Spiroplasma citri, and Spiroplasma apis), the anaeroplasma group (which encompassed the anaeroplasmas and acholeplasmas), and a group known to contain only the isolated species Asteroleplasma anaerobium. In addition to these five mycoplasma groups, a sixth group of variously named gram-positive, walled organisms (which included lactobacilli, clostridia, and other organisms) was also included in the overall phylogenetic unit. In each of these six primary groups, subgroups were readily recognized and defined. Although the phylogenetic units identified by rRNA comparisons are difficult to recognize on the basis of mutually exclusive phenotypic characters alone, phenotypic justification can be given a posteriori for a number of them.

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The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from Mycoplasma capricolum

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Phylogenetic Analysis of Mycoplasmas Based on Hsp70 Sequences: Cloning of the dnaK (hsp70) Gene Region of Mycoplasma capricolum

Phylogenetic Analysis of Mycoplasmas Based on Hsp70 Sequences: Cloning of the dnaK (hsp70) Gene Region of Mycoplasma capricolum

Construction of the mycoplasma evolutionary tree from 5S rRNA sequence data.

A phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas: basis for their classification

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