The nucleocapsid protein of hantaviruses: much more than a genome-wrapping protein

Reuter, Monika; Krüger, Detlev H.

doi:10.1007/s11262-017-1522-3

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The small (S) segment encodes the nucleocapsid (N) protein, which is the most abundant hantaviral protein. The N protein is involved in multiple processes during the replication cycle and is highly immunogenic and therefore, is used as an antigen in serodiagnostics [ 2 ]. In addition, the S segment of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) and other vole-associated hantaviruses encodes, in a second, overlapping open reading frame (ORF), a non-structural (NSs) protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Evolutionary Patterns in Puumala Orthohantavirus (PUUV) S Segment

et al. 2020

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The S segment of bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus)-associated Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) contains two overlapping open reading frames coding for the nucleocapsid (N) and a non-structural (NSs) protein. To identify the influence of bank vole population dynamics on PUUV S segment sequence evolution and test for spillover infections in sympatric rodent species, during 2010–2014, 883 bank voles, 357 yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), 62 wood mice (A. sylvaticus), 149 common voles (Microtus arvalis) and 8 field voles (M. agrestis) were collected in Baden-Wuerttemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. In total, 27.9% and 22.3% of bank voles were positive for PUUV-reactive antibodies and PUUV-specific RNA, respectively. One of eight field voles was PUUV RNA-positive, indicating a spillover infection, but none of the other species showed evidence of PUUV infection. Phylogenetic and isolation-by-distance analyses demonstrated a spatial clustering of PUUV S segment sequences. In the hantavirus outbreak years 2010 and 2012, PUUV RNA prevalence was higher in our study regions compared to non-outbreak years 2011, 2013 and 2014. NSs amino acid and nucleotide sequence types showed temporal and/or local variation, whereas the N protein was highly conserved in the NSs overlapping region and, to a lower rate, in the N alone coding part.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Evolutionary Patterns in Puumala Orthohantavirus (PUUV) S Segment

et al. 2020

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“…The Bunyavirales genome is usually divided into three RNA segments enwrapped by the viral nucleoproteins (NP). The resulting nucleocapsids (NCs) protect the genome and serve as a replication/transcription template for the viral polymerase (Reuter and Krüger, 2018). They coat the genomic and anti-genomic RNA during replication but not the mRNA produced by transcription.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution cryo-EM structure of the helical RNA-bound Hantaan virus nucleocapsid reveals its assembly mechanisms

Arragain

Reguera

Desfosses

et al. 2019

eLife

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Negative-strand RNA viruses condense their genome into helical nucleocapsids that constitute essential templates for viral replication and transcription. The intrinsic flexibility of nucleocapsids usually prevents their full-length structural characterisation at high resolution. Here, we describe purification of full-length recombinant metastable helical nucleocapsid of Hantaan virus (Hantaviridae family, Bunyavirales order) and determine its structure at 3.3 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. The structure reveals the mechanisms of helical multimerisation via sub-domain exchanges between protomers and highlights nucleotide positions in a continuous positively charged groove compatible with viral genome binding. It uncovers key sites for future structure-based design of antivirals that are currently lacking to counteract life-threatening hantavirus infections. The structure also suggests a model of nucleoprotein-polymerase interaction that would enable replication and transcription solely upon local disruption of the nucleocapsid.

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“…Hantaviruses (order Bunyavirales , family Hantaviridae ) are enveloped, single stranded RNA viruses with segmented genome of negative polarity. The genome is composed of three segments, small (S) segment encoding nucleocapsid protein (N protein) [ 3 ], medium (M) segment encoding glycoprotein precursor (GPC) co-translationally cleaved into the envelope glycoproteins Gn and Gc [ 4 ], and large (L) segment encoding the L protein primarily serving as the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassortment events in the evolution of hantaviruses

Klempa

2018

Virus Genes

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Hantaviruses (order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae), known as important zoonotic human pathogens, possess the capacity to exchange genome segments via genetic reassortment due to their tri-segmented genome. Although not as frequent as in the arthropod-borne bunyaviruses, reports indicating reassortment events in the evolution of hantaviruses have been recently accumulating. The intra- and inter-lineage reassortment between closely related variants has been repeatedly reported for several hantaviruses including the rodent-borne human pathogens such as Sin Nombre virus, Puumala virus, Dobrava-Belgrade virus, or Hantaan virus as well as for the more recently recognized shrew-borne hantaviruses, Imjin and Seewis. Reassortment between more distantly related viruses was rarely found but seems to play a beneficial role in the process of crossing the host species barriers. Besides the findings based on phylogenetic studies of naturally occurring strains, hantavirus reassortants were generated also in in vitro studies. Interestingly, only reassortants with exchanged M segments could be generated suggesting that a high degree of genetic compatibility is required for the S and L segments while the exchange of M segment is better tolerated or is particularly beneficial. Altogether, the numerous reports on hantavirus reassortment, summarized in this review, clearly demonstrate that reassortment events play a significant role in hantavirus evolution and contributed to the currently recognized hantavirus diversity.

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The nucleocapsid protein of hantaviruses: much more than a genome-wrapping protein

Cited by 30 publications

References 118 publications

Spatial and Temporal Evolutionary Patterns in Puumala Orthohantavirus (PUUV) S Segment

Spatial and Temporal Evolutionary Patterns in Puumala Orthohantavirus (PUUV) S Segment

High resolution cryo-EM structure of the helical RNA-bound Hantaan virus nucleocapsid reveals its assembly mechanisms

Reassortment events in the evolution of hantaviruses

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