The nucleation and growth of corrosion pits on stainless steel

Burstein, G.T.; Pistorius, Petrus Christiaan; Mattin, S.P.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(93)90133-2

Cited by 385 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…124 Blister formation/pit caps have also been observed on other metals including stainless steel. 125,126 Natishan et al 122 observed blisters using optical and scanning electron microscopy on ion-implanted Al surfaces after polarization above E pit in deaerated 0.1 M NaCl. Although this work is not directly related to Cl − interactions with the oxide film per se, the observation of blisters suggests that the oxide film was not dissolved locally to the underlying metal (film thinning) during pit initiation; rather pits initiated beneath the oxide film.…”

Section: Oxide Blister Formation and Rupturementioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride Ion Interactions with Oxide-Covered Aluminum Leading to Pitting Corrosion: A Review

Natishan

O’Grady

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

227

122

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Metals and alloys such as aluminum (Al), stainless steels, and nickel-based alloys exhibit corrosion resistance in a wide range of environments due to the presence of protective, passive oxides. However, in environments that contain aggressive anions such as chloride, Cl − , the passive film becomes unstable and degrades locally causing film breakdown and pitting corrosion. A number of theories describing the initiation of pitting corrosion have been postulated and discussed but to date there is no consensus on the mechanism of breakdown. Since all current mechanisms require Cl − interactions for oxide film breakdown in Cl − containing environments, the question is what is the nature of the interaction of aggressive anions such as Cl − with the passive film, adsorption and/or absorption, leading to pitting? This communication focuses on the interaction of Cl − with the passive oxide film on pure aluminum by reviewing and summarizing the available experimental data concerning Cl − interactions. It should also be noted that the observations for Cl − interactions with Al reviewed and summarized herein might not be applicable to all metals and alloys. Technologically important metals and alloys such as aluminum (Al), stainless steels, and nickel-based alloys exhibit corrosion resistance in a wide range of environments due to the presence of protective, passive oxides.1-90 The passive oxides behave as kinetic barriers, which inhibit further oxidation of the underlying thermodynamically reactive metals. However, in environments that contain aggressive anions such as chloride, Cl − , the passive film becomes unstable and degrades locally causing film breakdown and localized corrosion, which in turn decreases the service life of the materials. The consequence of discrete oxide failure is localized corrosion, which occurs in the forms of crevice corrosion in occluded sites and metastable or stable pitting corrosion on open surfaces. It is generally agreed that localized corrosion occurs in two distinct steps: initiation and propagation.A number of theories describing the initiation of pitting corrosion have been postulated and discussed.

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Section: Oxide Blister Formation and Rupturementioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride Ion Interactions with Oxide-Covered Aluminum Leading to Pitting Corrosion: A Review

Natishan

O’Grady

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

227

122

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“…The potentiostatic test was measured in a deaerated 2 M H 2 SO 4 solution at 333 K with an respectively applied potential of ¹0.2 V SCE in the active region and 0.6 V SCE in the passive region of the potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves at which a meta-stable pitting can occur. 18,19) The current transients were recorded for a duration of 3600 s and 36000 s.…”

Section: ¹1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Copper Addition on the Passivity and Corrosion Behavior of 27Cr-7Ni Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels in Sulfuric Acid Solution

et al. 2015

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The effect of the Cu addition on the passivation behavior of hyper duplex stainless steels in both the active and passive states was investigated using the electrochemical tests, a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscope, a scanning Auger multi-probe analysis and an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis in sulfuric acid solution. In the active region of ¹0.2 V SCE , the Cu addition to the base alloy has a positive effect on the general corrosion resistance due to the novel Cu enriched on the surface. In the passive region of 0.6 V SCE , the Cu addition to the base alloy degraded the stability of passive film due to an increase of the formation of Cr enriched inclusion such as (Cr, Mn, Al) oxides and (Cr, Mn, Al, Fe) oxides acting as the defect in the passive film, resulting in deteriorating general corrosion resistance.

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“…However, it has also been reported that the addition of Na2SO4 to NaCl in solution stabilizes pit growth [23]. Pit growth will proceed when the salt product pit cover is eliminated and becomes ineffectual as a diffusion barrier [18,24]. In the present potentiostatic polarization tests at 0.37 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), the pit growth rate in the test water with 100 ppm SO4 2-was higher than that in the test water with 50 ppm SO4 2-.…”

Section: Pit Growth Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chloride and sulfate ions in simulated boiler water on pitting corrosion behavior of 13Cr steel

Niu

Nakada

2015

Corrosion Science

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The nucleation and growth of corrosion pits on stainless steel

Cited by 385 publications

References 10 publications

Chloride Ion Interactions with Oxide-Covered Aluminum Leading to Pitting Corrosion: A Review

Chloride Ion Interactions with Oxide-Covered Aluminum Leading to Pitting Corrosion: A Review

Effects of Copper Addition on the Passivity and Corrosion Behavior of 27Cr-7Ni Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Effect of chloride and sulfate ions in simulated boiler water on pitting corrosion behavior of 13Cr steel

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