The nuclear symmetry energy

Baldo, M.; Burgio, G. F.

doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.06.006

Cited by 273 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…(1), has been obtained [1]. In more recent years, significant efforts have been devoted to exploring the poorly known E sym (ρ) using both terrestrial laboratory experiments and astrophysical observations [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Theoretically, essentially all available nuclear forces have been used to calculate the E sym (ρ) within various microscopic many-body theories and/or phenomenological models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To facilitate the extraction of information about the E sym (ρ) from laboratory experiments, much work has been done to find observables that are sensitive to the E sym (ρ) by studying static properties, excitations and collective motions of nuclei as well as various observables of nuclear reactions. Comprehensive reviews on the recent progress and remaining challenges in constraining the E sym (ρ) can be found in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Most importantly, much progress has been made in constraining the E sym (ρ) around and below the saturation density ρ 0 while its high density behavior remains rather uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear Symmetry Energy Extracted from Laboratory Experiments

2017

Nuclear Physics News

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Symmetry Energy Extracted from Laboratory Experiments

2017

Nuclear Physics News

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“…The equation of state (EOS) of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter E(ρ, δ), defined as the binding energy per nucleon, is one of fundamental issues in both nuclear physics and astrophysics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In the widelyused parabolic approximation, namely, E(ρ, δ) ≈ E 0 (ρ)+ E sym (ρ)δ 2 , where ρ is the total nucleon density and δ = (ρ n − ρ p )/ρ is the isospin asymmetry with ρ n(p) being the neutron (proton) density, the nuclear matter symmetry energy E sym (ρ) determines the isospin dependence of nuclear matter EOS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear matter fourth-order symmetry energy in nonrelativistic mean-field models

Zhang

Chen

2017

Phys. Rev. C

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Background: Nuclear matter fourth-order symmetry energy Esym,4(ρ) may significantly influence the properties of neutron stars such as the core-crust transition density and pressure as well as the proton fraction at high densities. The magnitude of Esym,4(ρ) is, however, largely uncertain. Purpose: Based on systematic analyses of several popular non-relativistic energy density functionals with mean-field approximation, we estimate the value of the Esym,4(ρ) at nuclear normal density ρ0 and its density dependence, and explore the correlation between Esym,4(ρ0) and other macroscopic quantities of nuclear matter properties. Method: We use the empirical values of some nuclear macroscopic quantities to construct model parameter sets by Monte Carlo method for four different energy density functionals with mean-field approximation, namely, the conventional Skyrme-Hartree-Fock (SHF) model, the extended SkyrmeHartree-Fock (eSHF) model, the Gogny-Hartree-Fock (GHF) model, and the momentum-dependent interaction (MDI) model. With the constructed samples of parameter sets, we can estimate the density dependence of Esym,4(ρ) and analyze the correlation of Esym,4(ρ0) with other macroscopic quantities.Results: The value of Esym,4(ρ0) is estimated to be 1.02 ± 0.49 MeV for the SHF model, 1.02 ± 0.50 MeV for the eSHF model, 0.70 ± 0.60 MeV for the GHF model, and 0.74 ± 0.63 MeV for the MDI model. Moreover, our results indicate that the density dependence of Esym,4(ρ) is model dependent, especially at higher densities. Furthermore, we find that the Esym,4(ρ0) has strong positive (negative) correlation with isoscalar (isovector) nucleon effective mass m * s,0 (m * v,0 ) at ρ0. In particular, for the SHF and eSHF models, the Esym,4(ρ) is completely determined by the isoscalar and isovector nucleon effective masses m * s (ρ) and m * v (ρ), and the analytical expression is given. Conclusions: In the mean-field models, the magnitude of Esym,4(ρ0) is generally less than 2 MeV, and its density dependence depends on models, especially at higher densities. Esym,4(ρ0) is strongly correlated with m * s,0 and m * v,0 .

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“…For the case of Au+Au collisions at an impact energy of 400 MeV/nucleon the FOPI cluster multiplicity experimental data for central collisions (b ≤ 2.0 fm) have been used [19], namely the multiplicities of p, n, 2 H, 3 H, 3 He, 4 He, Li, Be and C. The left panel of figure 1 presents the result of the fit for three values of the momentum space coalescence parameter δp. The experimental deuteron, Be, B and C multiplicities are closely reproduced, in opposition to similar models reported in the literature [7].…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental studies of isospin diffusion, pygmy and giant dipole resonances, neutron skin thickness and other phenomena has made possible the extraction of constraints with satisfactory accuracy for the density dependence of the SE in the vicinity or below the saturation density (ρ 0 ) [3]. Similarly, recent advances in theoretical many-body simulations of nuclear matter have allowed increasingly more accurate predictions for the asy-EoS up to densities close to the saturation point [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining The Symmetry Energy (Far) Above Saturation Density Using Elliptic Flow

Cozma

2017

EPJ Web Conf.

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Abstract. A QMD transport model that employs a modified momentum dependent interaction (MDI2) potential, supplemented by a phase-space coalescence model fitted to experimental multiplicities of free nucleons and light clusters, is used to study the density dependence of the symmetry energy above the saturation point by a comparison with experimental elliptic flow ratios measured by the FOPI-LAND and ASYEOS collaborations for 197 Au+ 197 Au collisions at 400 MeV/nucleon impact energy. Comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data for neutron-to-proton and neutron-tocharged particles elliptic flow ratios the following constraint is extracted for the slope L and curvature K sym of symmetry energy at saturation: L=59±24(exp)±16(th)±10(sys) MeV and K sym =0±370(exp)±220(th)±150(sys) MeV. Theoretical errors are the result of poorer known model ingredients. Systematical uncertainties are generated by the inability of the transport model to reproduce experimental light-cluster-to-proton multiplicity ratios. A more accurate value for L, free of systematical theoretical uncertainties, can be extracted from the neutron-to-proton elliptic flow ratio alone: L=63±18(exp)±14(th) MeV.

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The nuclear symmetry energy

Cited by 273 publications

References 220 publications

Nuclear Symmetry Energy Extracted from Laboratory Experiments

Nuclear Symmetry Energy Extracted from Laboratory Experiments

Nuclear matter fourth-order symmetry energy in nonrelativistic mean-field models

Constraining The Symmetry Energy (Far) Above Saturation Density Using Elliptic Flow

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