The nuclear envelope and its involvement in cellular stress responses

Abstract

The nuclear envelope is not only important for the structural integrity of the nucleus, but also involved in a number of cellular functions. It has been shown to be important for maintaining and controlling chromatin organization, sequestering transcription factors, replication, transcription and signalling. The nuclear envelope is thus important for development and differentiation, and some of its components are essential for cell viability. Among the many functions which are emerging for the nuclear envelope is its involvement in protecting the cell against different types of cellular stress. In the present paper, we review key findings which describe the roles of nuclear envelope components in responses to common types of stress conditions.

Correlative and integrated light and electron microscopy of in-resin GFP fluorescence, used to localise diacylglycerol in mammalian cells

“…This also raises the question of whether all lipids that are apparently located in the interior of the nucleus remain associated with membranes. Evidence for interior membranes unconnected to the NE is scant [31] but has been reported [32], which further complicates assignment of interior phospholipids to non-membranous origins. Future work will involve manipulation of DAG levels in interphase cells to investigate functional roles of lipids in the nucleoplasmic reticulum.…”

CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase: Function, regulation, and structure of an amphitropic enzyme required for membrane biogenesis

“…This membrane network, termed the nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR), is composed of single membrane invaginations of the inner NE and/or double membrane invaginations of the inner and outer NE. The purpose of the NR is not well understood but has been implicated in calcium signaling and cytoplasmic-nuclear communication [135][136][137][138]. CCTa is involved in formation and proliferation of the NR in response to lipid activators.…”

Dysfunctional lamins as mediators of oxidative stress in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy

“…Lamina provides mechanical support for the nucleus [9], modulates gene expression [2,11,17], modulates the oxidative stress response [12], acts in intracellular redox homeostasis [20 ], and participates in transcription and chromatin organization [2] and DNA repair [4,6,7]. Laminopathies share features including defects in the DNA damage response [4].…”