The nuclear ceramide/diacylglycerol balance depends on the physiological state of thyroid cells and changes during UV-C radiation-induced apoptosis

Albi, Elisabetta; Cataldi, Samuela; Rossi, Graziella; Magni, Mariapia Viola; Toller, Matteo; Casani, S.; Perrella, Giuseppina

doi:10.1016/j.abb.2008.07.018

Cited by 28 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The cells cultured without TSH remained in the quiescent state and were called TSHÀ cells (Albi et al, 2008a). The cells were used as reported above.…”

Section: Quiescent Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proliferating cells. The cells were cultured in the presence of TSH, which stimulates cell proliferation, and were called TSHþ cells (Albi et al, 2008a). The cells were used in part for SMase and SM-synthase activity evaluation in nuclei-free lysates (NFL) and purified nuclei and in part for the analysis of Bax apoptotic protein (Florena et al, 2009) and STAT3 and RNA polymerase II proliferative proteins (Calò et al, 2003;Romano and Giordano, 2008).…”

Section: Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with other cell types, the metabolism of SM can serve as an index of functional status of thyroid cells. For example, FRTL-5 cellsthyroid cells that, in vitro, permanently express most in vivo tissue-specific thyroid characteristics such as thyroglobulin synthesis and secretion, iodide active transport, peroxidase production, and thyrotropin (TSH) sensitivity-were characterized by specific balance of SM metabolism, depending on whether the cells were in quiescent, proliferative, or proapoptotic conditions (Albi et al, 2008a). In addition, differences in proliferating, quiescent, and pro-apoptotic cell responses to UVC radiation were associated with diverse modifications in lipid metabolism (Albi et al, 2008a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, FRTL-5 cellsthyroid cells that, in vitro, permanently express most in vivo tissue-specific thyroid characteristics such as thyroglobulin synthesis and secretion, iodide active transport, peroxidase production, and thyrotropin (TSH) sensitivity-were characterized by specific balance of SM metabolism, depending on whether the cells were in quiescent, proliferative, or proapoptotic conditions (Albi et al, 2008a). In addition, differences in proliferating, quiescent, and pro-apoptotic cell responses to UVC radiation were associated with diverse modifications in lipid metabolism (Albi et al, 2008a). Thyroid gland function can be monitored by measuring levels of TSH, ft3, ft4, and antithyroid antibodies (Przygodzka and Filipowicz-Sosnowska, 2009), but these analyses do not offer information on the mechanism of the cell damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thyroid gland function can be monitored by measuring levels of TSH, ft3, ft4, and antithyroid antibodies (Przygodzka and Filipowicz-Sosnowska, 2009), but these analyses do not offer information on the mechanism of the cell damage. Prior to this study, the only method described to monitor the functional state of thyroid cells was the analysis of SM metabolism (Albi et al, 2008a) by measuring SM, ceramide, and diacylglycerol levels. This method requires a large amount of cells, whereas the assay of SMase and SM-synthase activity requires only 50-100 mg proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroid Cell Growth: Sphingomyelin Metabolism as Non-Invasive Marker for Cell Damage Acquired during Spaceflight

et al. 2010

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Prolonged spaceflights are known to elicit changes in human cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, whose functions are regulated by the thyroid gland. It is known that sphingomyelin metabolism is involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death) of thyroid cells induced by UVC radiation, but at present no data exists with regard to this phenomenon, which occurs during space missions. The aim of this study was to analyze, for the first time, the effect of spaceflight on the enzymes of sphingomyelin metabolism, sphingomyelinase, and sphingomyelin synthase, and to determine whether the ratio between the two enzymes might be used as a possible marker for thyroid activity during space missions. Both quiescent thyroid cells and thyroid cells stimulated to proliferate with thyrotropin (TSH) were cultured during the Eneide and Esperia missions on the International Space Station. The results show that during space missions the cells treated with TSH grew only 1.5 ± 0.65-fold and, thus, behave similarly to quiescent cells, while on the ground the same cells, maintained in experimental conditions that reproduced those of the flight, grew 7.71 ± 0.67-fold. Comparison of the sphingomyelinase/sphingomyelin-synthase ratio and the levels of Bax, STAT3, and RNA polymerase II in proliferating, quiescent, pro-apoptotic, or apoptotic cells demonstrated that thyroid cells during space missions were induced into a pro-apoptotic state. Given its specificity and the small amount of cells needed for analysis, we propose the use of the sphingomyelinase/sphingomyelin-synthase ratio as a marker of functional status of thyroid cells during space missions. Further studies could lead to its use in real time during prolonged spaceflights.

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“…The cells cultured without TSH remained in the quiescent state and were called TSHÀ cells (Albi et al, 2008a). The cells were used as reported above.…”

Section: Quiescent Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%