The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic: An expected global health concern

Contini, Carlo; Nuzzo, Mariachiara Di; Barp, Nicole; Bonazza, Aurora; Giorgio, Roberto De; Tognon, Mauro; Rubino, Salvatore

doi:10.3855/jidc.12671

Cited by 227 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Human CoVs generally cause mild to moderate upper‐respiratory tract illnesses. However, recent years have seen the emergence of more virulent strains, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus, that can cause life‐threatening illness 4,6,7 …”

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confidence: 99%

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID‐19, in Healthy Subjects

Humeniuk

Mathias

Cao

et al. 2020

Clinical Translational Sci

213

331

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Remdesivir (RDV), a single diastereomeric monophosphoramidate prodrug that inhibits viral RNA polymerases, has potent in vitro antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). RDV received the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s emergency use authorization in the United States and approval in Japan for treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This report describes two phase I studies that evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of single escalating and multiple i.v. doses of RDV (solution or lyophilized formulation) in healthy subjects. Lyophilized formulation was evaluated for potential future use in clinical trials due to its storage stability in resource‐limited settings. All adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity. Overall, RDV exhibited a linear profile following single‐dose i.v. administration over 2 hours of RDV solution formulation across the dose range of 3–225 mg. Both lyophilized and solution formulations provided comparable PK parameters. High intracellular concentrations of the active triphosphate (~ 220‐fold to 370‐fold higher than the in vitro half‐maximal effective concentration against SARS‐CoV‐2 clinical isolate) were achieved following infusion of 75 mg or 150 mg lyophilized formulation over 30 minutes or 2 hours. Following multiple‐doses of RDV 150 mg once daily for 7 or 14 days, RDV exhibited a PK profile similar to single‐dose administration. Metabolite GS‐441524 accumulated ~ 1.9‐fold after daily dosing. Overall, RDV exhibited favorable safety and PK profiles that supported once‐daily dosing.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID‐19, in Healthy Subjects

Humeniuk

Mathias

Cao

et al. 2020

Clinical Translational Sci

213

331

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, the fatality rate of serious patients according to research reports varies greatly from region to region (24.5-48%) 4,11 . The time of sudden progression from general to serious of most patients is in the second week of disease course, days 8-13, according to many reports 1,4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between laboratory results on day 8 of onset and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients

Shi

Shen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak attracted global attention. However, early prognostic biomarkers on clinical outcomes about COVID-19 patients is not clear by now. Methods: We collected the clinical data of the 85 COVID-19 patients confirmed in the local hospital. The patients' clinical baseline data, serological data, outcome data were retrospectively analyzed. This study aimed to figure out monitoring values for early prediction of clinical outcome. Results: Dynamic monitoring of laboratory examination indicators during hospitalization showed that the second week is a critical time window of disease progression. Beginning on the 8th day, severely reduced lymphocytes accompanied by a severe increase in inflammation indicators and abnormally high fibrinogen occurred in serious patients. Plasma fibrinogen was increased (5.23 vs 3.87 g/L, P < 0.001), and lymphocyte count (0.71 vs 1.42 109/L, P < 0.0001) was significantly reduced. On the 8th day of disease course, when the lymphocyte count was lower than 1.23×109/L, the time of negative conversion of viral nucleic acid was prolonged (P = 0.051), and imaging showed that the chest CT absorption time was prolonged (P < 0.01). When fibrinogen was greater than 4.24, the time to viral nucleic acid negative conversion was prolonged (P < 0.01), and imaging showed that chest CT absorption time was prolonged (P < 0.001).Conclusion: the Lymphocyte count might be related to clinical outcome events. It could act as laboratory indicators of disease severity.

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“…Since its emergence in March 2013, novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus has triggered five epidemics of human infections in China. This raises concerns about the pandemic threat of this quickly evolving H7N9 subtype for humans [29,30,31,32].…”

Section: The Risk Of Second Rebound Of Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARIMA Models for Predicting the End of COVID-19 Pandemic and the Risk of a Second Rebound

Zohair

Atlam

Ewis

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Globally, many research works are going on to study the infectious nature of COVID-19 and every day we learn something new about it through the flooding of the huge data that are accumulating hourly rather than daily which instantly opens hot research topics for artificial intelligence researchers. However, the public’s concern by now is to find answers for two questions; 1) when this COVID-19 pandemic will be over? and 2) After coming to its end, will COVID-19 return again in what is known as a second rebound of the pandemic?. This research developed a predictive model that can estimate the expected period of time that the virus can possibly stopped and the risk of a second rebound of COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study considered SARIMA model to predict the spread of the virus on several selected countries and is used for pandemic life cycle and end date predictions. The study can be applied to predict the same for other countries as the nature of the virus is the same everywhere. The advantages of this study are that it helps the governments in making decisions and planning now for the future, reduces anxiety and prepares the mentality of people for the next phases of the pandemic. The most striking finding to emerge from this experimental and simulation study is that the proposed algorithm show that the expected COVID-19 infections for the top countries of highest number of confirmed case will slowdown in October, 2020. Moreover, our study forecasts that there may be a second rebound of the pandemic in a year time, if the current taken precautions are eased completely. We have to consider the uncertain nature of the current COVID-19 pandemic and the growing inter-connected and complex world, what are ultimately required are the flexibility, robustness and resilience to cope up the unexpected future events and scenarios.

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The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic: An expected global health concern

Cited by 227 publications

References 57 publications

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID‐19, in Healthy Subjects

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID‐19, in Healthy Subjects

Association between laboratory results on day 8 of onset and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients

ARIMA Models for Predicting the End of COVID-19 Pandemic and the Risk of a Second Rebound

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