The Novel Role of MIF in the Secretion of IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 from PBMC of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory joint disease with complex pathogenesis associated with cytokine dysregulation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a role in systemic inflammation and joint destruction in RA and could be associated with the secretion of other immune-modulatory cytokines such as IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33. For the above, our main aim was to evaluate the IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 secretion from recombinant human MIF (rhMIF)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of RA patients. The rhMIF and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus rhMIF stimuli promote the secretion of IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 (p < 0.05) from PBMC of RA patients. The study groups, the different stimuli, and the interaction between both showed a statistically significant effect on the secretion of IL-25 (p < 0.05) and IL-31 (p < 0.01). The study of the effect of the RA patient treatments and their interaction with the effect of stimuli did not show an interaction between them. In conclusion, our study generates new evidence for the role of MIF in the secretion of IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 and its immunomodulatory effect on RA.

Cell Cultures as a Versatile Tool in the Research and Treatment of Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases

“…In 2019, Zhu et al identified an overexpression of miR-99b-5p in RA patients which was responsible for promoting lymphocyte proliferation and activation, suppression of lymphocyte T apoptosis and increase in cytokine production [86]. Moreover, expression patterns and cytokine secretion dynamics during RA are constantly researched, as shown in Garcia-Arellano et al's 2021 paper in which researchers identified a novel role of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in IL-25, IL-31 and IL-33 secretion [87]. Therapy and treatment of RA is an increasingly important field of research tasked with the investigation of novel drugs as well as their potential targets.…”

The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Psoriasis

“…Furthermore, macrophages respond to pro-inflammatory stimuli by secreting IL-33. The synovium of RA patients is associated with a greater presence of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) [104], a pro-inflammatory molecule that induces the expression of IL-33 in PBMC obtained from RA patients [105]. Moreover, IL-33 affects the behavior of dendritic cells, whose greater presence is found in the synovial fluids of RA patients [106].…”