The novel insights into spatiotemporal cell biology and its schematic frame, triple W

Abstract

Numerous research results have suggested that the events occurred in a selected cell target and the fates of the cells are spatiotemporally regulated. It has been paying much attention to study the cell events with spatiotemporal proposal designation and analysis. We have been tracking and thinking the new scientific area for many years. Spatiotemporal cell biology and its schematic frame, triple W (when, where, which), are systemically introduced in this study. The triple W under pathological conditions is also discussed.J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1787-1790, 2012. ß 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Recent research results suggested that the events occurred in a selected cell and the fate of the cell must be regulated spatiotemporally. We named this new scientific area as ''Spatiotemporal Cell Biology,'' and concluded a schematic frame, triple W, to describe it [Hou et al., 2011]. Numerous research results indicate that an event of cell(s) in a selected cell community must be exactly forwarded to be initiated or inhibited at a correct time point in a right development stage.Understanding from a macro view, the cell community in that the target cell resides must be selected first. Some research articles about the spatiotemporal regulation in cell biology were published together with an introduction in November 2009 [Hurtley, 2009]. Triple W includes When, Where, and Which, and means that an organ, a cell community, a cell, a event must be targeted to be initiated, promoted, inhibited, or stopped at right time and in right place. The events include cell proliferation, differentiation, death, isoform replacement, gene expression, molecular interaction, and others. Under physiological conditions, triple W determines the livelong process for a body from its formation to death (Fig. 1).When will an individual target be selected, changed, or regulated? ''When'' means the different stages and the different time points in a stage that is controlled by the community/body in that the target resides. ''When'' is the first selection that any event in spatiotemporal cell biology must follow with, and numerous reported results have indicated its importance for any event occurrence in any type of tissue or cell at any step of gene expressing, signaling, or cell acting. Diffley et al. [1994] observed the yeast replication origins existed in two chromatin states during the cell cycle, and found that the integration of chromosomal DNA replication into the eukaryotic cell cycle might involve temporal regulation of interactions between cellular factors and replication origins. Both extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins' modulation on their resident cells' biology to match the needs of body and the signals' interaction with their intracellular targets take place at the right time and in the right place [Hynes, 2009;Scott1 and Pawson, 2009]. Such a precise time-scale can be observed in each cell cycle step, even in many types of molecular interaction. A putative spindle matrix can be assembled by spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins and ...

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