The Novel Epidemic Strain 0139 Is Closely Related To The Pandemic Strain 01 Of Vibrio Cholerae [X]

Berche, Patrick; Poyart, Claire; Abachin, Éric; Lelièvre, Hélène; Vandepitte, J; Dodin, A; Fournier, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1093/infdis/170.3.701

Cited by 66 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It has been proposed that serogroup O139 originated from an El Tor strain that obtained the O139 antigen biosynthesis and some other gene clusters (4,52,55). However, some portion of VPI-II is absent from all of the test toxigenic O139 strains isolated through the past years, and an additional five common missing genes in the superintegron in the toxigenic O139 strains have been documented (in comparison with all toxigenic El Tor strains).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic and Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae Serogroups O1 and O139 Revealed by Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization

et al. 2007

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Toxigenic serogroups O1 and O139 of Vibrio cholerae may cause cholera epidemics or pandemics. Nontoxigenic strains within these serogroups also exist in the environment, and also some may cause sporadic cases of disease. Herein, we investigate the genomic diversity among toxigenic and nontoxigenic O1 and O139 strains by comparative genomic microarray hybridization with the genome of El Tor strain N16961 as a base. Conservation of the toxigenic O1 El Tor and O139 strains is found as previously reported, whereas accumulation of genome changes was documented in toxigenic El Tor strains isolated within the 40 years of the seventh pandemic. High phylogenetic diversity in nontoxigenic O1 and O139 strains is observed, and most of the genes absent from nontoxigenic strains are clustered together in the N16961 genome. By comparing these toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains, we observed that the small chromosome of V. cholerae is quite conservative and stable, outside of the superintegron region. In contrast to the general stability of the genome, the superintegron demonstrates pronounced divergence among toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains. Additionally, sequence variation in virulence-related genes is found in nontoxigenic El Tor strains, and we speculate that these intermediate strains may have pathogenic potential should they acquire CTX prophage alleles and other gene clusters. This genome-wide comparison of toxigenic and nontoxigenic V. cholerae strains may promote understanding of clonal differentiation of V. cholerae and contribute to an understanding of the origins and clonal selection of epidemic strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic and Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae Serogroups O1 and O139 Revealed by Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization

et al. 2007

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“…However, the O139 serogroup is still present on the Indian subcontinent and, in some areas, is the predominant cause of cholera (23). Interestingly, several studies have proposed that the origin of the serogroup O139 strain was an El Tor strain that obtained the O139 biosynthesis genes (as well as the SXT element and a capsule) via antigenic switching from a donor strain (3,44,60,65). Recently, it has been proposed based on comparative sequence analysis that an O22 serogroup maybe a possible donor for the O139 serogroup (17,67).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Genetic Analysis of the Emergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae Isolates on the Basis of Comparative Nucleotide Sequence Analysis and Multilocus Virulence Gene Profiles

et al. 2004

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Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic ecosystem. We examined a unique collection of V. cholerae clinical and environmental isolates of widespread geographic distribution recovered over a 60-year period to determine their evolutionary genetic relationships based on analysis of two housekeeping genes, malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and a chaperonin (groEL). In addition, the phylogenetic distribution of 12 regions associated with virulence was determined. Comparative sequence analysis of mdh revealed that all V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroup isolates belonged to the same clonal lineage. Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of these O1 and O139 strains at groEL confirmed the presence of an epidemic clonal complex. Of the 12 virulence regions examined, only three regions, Vibrio seventh pandemic island 1 (VSP-I), VSP-II, and RS1, were absent from all classical V. cholerae isolates. Most V. cholerae El Tor biotype and O139 serogroup isolates examined encoded all 12 virulence regions assayed. Outside of V. cholerae O1/O139 serogroup isolates, only one strain, VO7, contained VSP-I. Two V. cholerae El Tor isolates, GP155 and 2164-78, lacked both VSP-I and VSP-II, and one El Tor isolate, GP43, lacked VSP-II. Five non-O1/non-O139 serogroup isolates had an mdh sequence identical to that of the epidemic O1 and O139 strains. These isolates, similar to classical strains, lack both VSP-I and VSP-II. Four of the 12 virulence regions examined were found to be present in all isolates: hlyA, pilE, MSHA and RTX. Among non-O1/non-O139 isolates, however, the occurrence of the additional eight regions was considerably lower. The evolutionary relationships and multilocus virulence gene profiles of V. cholerae natural isolates indicate that consecutive pandemic strains arose from a common O1 serogroup progenitor through the successive acquisition of new virulence regions.

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“…Recent studies have indicated that the ctxAB and tcpA genes may also be present in "nonepidemic" (i.e., other than O1 and O139) V. cholerae serogroups (7,8,9,18,23,24,26). While the genetic relatedness of O1 and O139 isolates has been well documented (1,2,3,12), we know less about the genetic relatedness and phylogeny of ctxAB-and tcpA-positive isolates in other serogroups, and such data are critical for understanding why and how pandemic-causing V. cholerae strains emerge.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing Has Better Discriminatory Ability for Typing Vibrio cholerae than Does Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Provides a Measure of Phylogenetic Relatedness

et al. 2003

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Twenty-two Vibrio cholerae isolates, including some from "epidemic" (O1 and O139) and "nonepidemic" serogroups, were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) by using three housekeeping genes, gyrB, pgm, and recA; sequence data were also obtained for the virulence-associated genes tcpA, ctxA, and ctxB. Even with the small number of loci used, MLST had better discriminatory ability than did PFGE. On MLST analysis, there was clear clustering of epidemic serogroups; much greater diversity was seen among tcpA-and ctxAB-positive V. cholerae strains from other, nonepidemic serogroups, with a number of tcpA and ctxAB alleles identified.Vibrio cholerae is an environmental species that has been linked with seven pandemics of cholera since 1817 (22). Approximately 200 serogroups of V. cholerae have been identified to date, with classification based on epitopic variations in the heat-stable somatic O antigens of the strains (29). In the modern microbiology era, epidemic cholera has been associated with a limited number of closely related strains in O groups 1 and 139. All such epidemic strains carry genes for cholera toxin (encoded by the ctxAB genes) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (encoded by the tcpA gene) (10,20). Recent studies have indicated that the ctxAB and tcpA genes may also be present in "nonepidemic" (i.e., other than O1 and O139) V. cholerae serogroups (7,8,9,18,23,24,26). While the genetic relatedness of O1 and O139 isolates has been well documented (1, 2, 3, 12), we know less about the genetic relatedness and phylogeny of ctxAB-and tcpA-positive isolates in other serogroups, and such data are critical for understanding why and how pandemic-causing V. cholerae strains emerge.Several molecular typing approaches, including ribotyping (28), insertion sequence-based fingerprinting (3), amplified fragment length polymorphism (17), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (6), have been used to characterize the molecular epidemiology of V. cholerae, with PFGE reported (6, 8) to have the most discriminatory power among these methods. These techniques have less utility in defining underlying phylogenetic relationships (11). Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) is of value in this regard (12), although problems with band resolution and the fact that phenotypic expression of the enzyme under study can easily be altered in response to environmental conditions can adversely affect the reproducibility of MLEE results and complicate data analysis and interpretation.More recently, attention has turned to sequence-based approaches. Sequencing of a single gene (19, 31) is not optimal: because evolution occurs by a net-like process, gene trees based on a single gene may not permit accurate determination of the genetic relatedness among various isolates (15). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), first described in 1998 (25), provides a balance between sequence-based resolution and informativeness and technical feasibility and has been used to characterize several patho...

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The Novel Epidemic Strain 0139 Is Closely Related To The Pandemic Strain 01 Of Vibrio Cholerae [X]

Cited by 66 publications

References 12 publications

Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic and Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae Serogroups O1 and O139 Revealed by Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization

Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic and Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae Serogroups O1 and O139 Revealed by Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization

Evolutionary Genetic Analysis of the Emergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae Isolates on the Basis of Comparative Nucleotide Sequence Analysis and Multilocus Virulence Gene Profiles

Multilocus Sequence Typing Has Better Discriminatory Ability for Typing Vibrio cholerae than Does Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Provides a Measure of Phylogenetic Relatedness

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