The Not-So-Sacred Monkeys of Bali: A Radiographic Study of Human-Primate Commensalism

Schilaci, Michael A.; Engel, Gregory; Fuentes, Agustín; Rompis, Aida Louise Tenden; Putra, I Gusti Agung Arta; Wandia, I Nengah; Bailey, James A.; Brogdon, B. G.; Jones‐Engel, Lisa

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1560-3_14

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Perspectives, and types of conflicts, may be changing. A recently published study indicated that even in the central Bali areas where the monkey forests are economically quite important and most monkeys live in around temple sites, 8 of 91 macaques x‐rayed had air rifle pellets lodged in their bodies (Schillaci et al 2010).…”

Section: Interspecies Tolerance and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

NATURALCULTURAL ENCOUNTERS IN BALI: Monkeys, Temples, Tourists, and Ethnoprimatology

Fuentes

2010

Cultural Anthropology

239

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Examining the interface between humans and other primates can illuminate how interspecies relationships create and maintain complex social and ecological spaces. Humans and macaque monkeys share ecologies that include cultural, historical, and physiological dimensions. In this essay, I examine such ecologies while undertaking an ethnoprimatological project in Bali, Indonesia. This multispecies ethnography of humans and macaques demonstrates that human perceptions and land use intertwine with macaque social behavior and pathogen physiologies to affect local ecologies and economies for both species. In these contact zones where any clear boundary separating nature/culture is difficult to discern, I use the concept of “niche construction” and an ethnoprimatological lens to explore and understand these relationships. This article also serves as an invitation to move an ethnoprimatological approach away from the periphery and into a broader primatological and anthropological engagement with naturalcultural relations.

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Section: Interspecies Tolerance and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

NATURALCULTURAL ENCOUNTERS IN BALI: Monkeys, Temples, Tourists, and Ethnoprimatology

Fuentes

2010

Cultural Anthropology

239

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“…Macaques figure prominently in Balinese Hindu philosophy and tradition, and it is this role in culture that has led some to suggest a sacredness of macaques [Wheatley, ]. However, evidence has revealed that this view is highly context dependent [Loudon et al, ; Schillaci et al, ], with different treatment of macaques inside versus outside of temple complexes. Recent reductions in overall forest cover on the island have resulted in a number of high‐density macaque populations co‐occurring in areas of high‐density human communities, some with densities reaching as high as 500 people/km 2 [Fuentes et al, ; Wheatley, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human behavior and opportunities for parasite transmission in communities surrounding long‐tailed macaque populations in Bali, Indonesia

Lane-deGraaf

Putra

Wandia

et al. 2013

American J Primatol

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Spatial overlap and shared resources between humans and wildlife can exacerbate parasite transmission dynamics. In Bali, Indonesia, an agricultural-religious temple system provides sanctuaries for long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), concentrating them in areas in close proximity to humans. In this study, we interviewed individuals in communities surrounding 13 macaque populations about their willingness to participate in behaviors that would put them at risk of exposure to gastrointestinal parasites to understand if age, education level, or occupation are significant determinants of exposure behaviors. These exposure risk behaviors and attitudes include fear of macaques, direct contact with macaques, owning pet macaques, hunting and eating macaques, and overlapping water uses. We find that willingness to participate in exposure risk behaviors are correlated with an individual's occupation, age, and/or education level. We also found that because the actual risk of infection varies across populations, activities such as direct macaque contact and pet ownership, could be putting individuals at real risk in certain contexts. Thus, we show that human demographics and social structure can influence willingness to participate in behaviors putting them at increased risk for exposure to parasites.

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“…Many individual Balinese feel that although macaques are often associated with sacred spaces, individual macaques can be pests. Although on the grounds or in the vicinity of a temple, macaques are generally respected and tolerated [Fuentes et al, 2005;Wheatley, 1999], but individual macaques, especially those found crop raiding, are frequently shot at with air rifles and or attacked with scythes and knives [Fuentes et al, 2005;Louden et al, 2006;Schillaci et al, 2010]. Macaques not in direct association with a temple, such as those participating in crop raiding, are often shot at with slingshots and/or pellet guns.…”

Section: Balimentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserving social–ecological systems in Indonesia: human–nonhuman primate interconnections in Bali and Sulawesi

Riley

Fuentes

2010

American J Primatol

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An important question asked by primatologists and conservationists alike is: what is the relevance of primates and primate conservation for ecosystem conservation? The goal of this article is to contribute to this dialogue by advocating the use of a research perspective that focuses on the dynamics of human-nonhuman primate sympatry and interaction (i.e., ethnoprimatology) in order to better understand complex social-ecological systems and to inform their conservation management. This perspective/approach is based largely on the recognition that human primates are important components of all ecological systems and that niche construction is a fundamental feature of their adaptive success. To demonstrate the relevance of the human-nonhuman primate interface for ecosystem conservation, we provide examples from our research from two islands in the Indonesian archipelago: Bali and Sulawesi. In Bali, humans and long-tail macaques coexist in a system that creates favorable environments for the macaques. This anthropogenic landscape and the economic and ecological relationships between humans and monkeys on Bali provide insight into sustainable systems of human/nonhuman primate coexistence. In Lore Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi, villagers and Tonkean macaques overlap in their use of both forest and cultivated resources. The finding that the Arenga pinnata palm is extremely important for both villagers and macaques points to a conservation management recommendation that may help protect the overall ecosystem; the cultivation and propagation of mutually important tree species at forest-agricultural ecotone as a means to curb crop raiding and to alleviate farmer's perceived need to clear additional forest.

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The Not-So-Sacred Monkeys of Bali: A Radiographic Study of Human-Primate Commensalism

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

NATURALCULTURAL ENCOUNTERS IN BALI: Monkeys, Temples, Tourists, and Ethnoprimatology

NATURALCULTURAL ENCOUNTERS IN BALI: Monkeys, Temples, Tourists, and Ethnoprimatology

Human behavior and opportunities for parasite transmission in communities surrounding long‐tailed macaque populations in Bali, Indonesia

Conserving social–ecological systems in Indonesia: human–nonhuman primate interconnections in Bali and Sulawesi

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