The Norwegian Programme for Mapping of Marine Habitats – Providing Knowledge and Maps for ICZMP

Bekkby, Trine; Moy, Frithjof E.; Olsen, Heidi A.; Rinde, Eli; Bodvin, Torjan; Bøe, Reidulv; Steen, Henning; Grefsrud, Ellen Sofie; Espeland, Sigurd Heiberg; Pedersen, A.; Jørgensen, Nina Mari

doi:10.1002/9781118496480.ch2

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1) of which L. hyperborea covers ca. 22 km 2 according to a predictive kelp forest model developed by the national Norwegian mapping of marine habitats (Bekkby et al 2013). The model uses 12 years of monitoring data for the entire Norwegian coast along with wind, fetch, coastline and bathymetric data to predict the presence/absence of kelp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detrital carbon production and export in high latitude kelp forests

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The production and fate of seaweed detritus is a major unknown in the global C-budget. Knowing the quantity of detritus produced, the form it takes (size) and its timing of delivery are key to understanding its role as a resource subsidy to secondary production and/or its potential contribution to C-sequestration. We quantified the production and release of detritus from 10 Laminaria hyperborea sites in northern Norway (69.6ºN). Kelp biomass averaged 770 ± 100 g C m-2 while net production reached 499 ± 50 g C m-2 y-1 , with most taking place in spring when new blades were formed. Production of biomass was balanced by a similar formation of detritus (478 ± 41 g C m-2 y-1), and both were unrelated to wave exposure when compared across sites. Distal blade erosion accounted for 23% of the total detritus production and was highest during autumn and winter, while dislodgment of whole individuals and/or whole blades corresponded to 24% of the detritus production. Detachment of old blades constituted the largest source of kelp detritus, accounting for >50% of the total detrital production. Almost 80% of the detritus from L. hyperborea was thus in the form of whole plants or blades and > 60% of that was delivered as a large pulse within 1-2 months in spring. The discrete nature of the delivery suggests that the detritus cannot be retained and consumed locally, and that some is exported to adjacent deep areas where it may subsidize secondary production or become buried into deep marine sediments as blue carbon.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detrital carbon production and export in high latitude kelp forests

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Coverage was recorded using an underwater video camera and georeferencing of stations at which coverage was defined semi-quantitatively at a five-step scale: 0 (absent), 1 (single individuals), 2 (scarce, i.e., a few individuals), 3 (common/moderately dense, i.e., many plants, but not a completely dense canopy cover), or 4 (dominating, i.e., a completely dense canopy cover). The data on kelp coverage was collected through the National program for mapping biodiversity (Bekkby et al, 2013), the sugar kelp monitoring program (Moy et al, 2009), the SaccRef sugar kelp research project (Gundersen et al, 2012), and the coastal monitoring program ( e.g., Dale et al, 2018;Fagerli et al, 2018).…”

Section: Field Surveys Of Natural Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kelp Cultivation Potential in Coastal and Offshore Regions of Norway

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have evaluated the cultivation potential of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) as a function of latitude and position (near-and offshore) along the Norwegian coast using a coupled 3D hydrodynamic-biogeochemical-kelp model system (SINMOD) run for four growth seasons (2012-2016). The results are spatially explicit and may be used to compare the suitability of different regions for kelp cultivation, both inshore and offshore.The simulation results were compared with growth data from kelp cultivation experiments and in situ observations on coverage of naturally growing kelp. The model demonstrated a higher production potential offshore than in inshore regions, which is mainly due to the limitations in nutrient availability caused by the stratification found along the coast. However, suitable locations for kelp cultivation were also identified in areas with high vertical mixing close to the shore. The results indicate a latitudinal effect on the timing of the optimal period of growth, with the prime growth period being up to 2 months earlier in the south (58 • N) than in the north (71 • N). Although the maximum cultivation potential was similar in the six marine ecoregions in Norway (150-200 tons per hectare per year), the deployment time of the cultures seems to matter significantly in the south, but less so in the north. The results are discussed, focusing on their potential significance for optimized cultivation and to support decision making toward sustainable management.

show abstract

“…The cumulative distance traveled by each piece was calculated until it reached the seafloor (< 20 cm from the bottom) and stopped moving along the bottom (speed < 1 m s -1 for 2 h). The source kelp forest polygons are based on a predictive model of kelp forests (Bekkby et al 2013), and covered a total area of 20.4 km 2 .…”

Section: Rates Of Shredding Of Kelp Detritusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the increasing imperative for societies to act to curb climate change by increasing carbon stores and sinks, it has become critical to understand how organic carbon is produced, released, transformed, transported, and sequestered within and across ecosystems. In freshwater and open-ocean systems, shredders play a significant and well-known role in transforming and mobilising carbon, but their role in the carbon cycle of coastal ecosystems is largely unknown. Marine plants such as kelps produce vast amounts of detritus, which can be captured and consumed by shedders as it traverses the seafloor. We measured capture and consumption rates of kelp detritus by sea urchins across 4 sampling periods and over a range of kelp detritus production rates and sea urchin densities, in northern Norway. When sea urchin densities exceeded 4 m-2 , the sea urchins captured and consumed a high percentage (ca. 80%) of kelp detritus on shallow reefs. We calculated that between 1.3 and 10.8 kg of kelp m-2 are shredded annually from these reefs. We used a hydrodynamic dispersal model to show that transformation of kelp blades to sea urchin feces increased its export distance fourfold. Our findings show that sea urchins can accelerate and extend the export of carbon to neighbouring areas. This collector-shredder pathway could represent a significant flow of small particulate carbon from kelp forests to deep-sea areas, where it can subsidize benthic communities or contribute to the global carbon sink.

show abstract

The Norwegian Programme for Mapping of Marine Habitats – Providing Knowledge and Maps for ICZMP

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Detrital carbon production and export in high latitude kelp forests

Detrital carbon production and export in high latitude kelp forests

The Kelp Cultivation Potential in Coastal and Offshore Regions of Norway

Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About