The Northwest Mexico Seismic Network: Real‐Time Seismic Monitoring in Northern Baja California and Northwestern Sonora, Mexico

Vidal‐Villegas, J. Antonio; Munguía, Luis; Gonzalez-Ortega, J. A.; Nuñez‐Leal, M. Alejandra; Ramírez, Erik E.; Mendoza, Luís Hurtado de; Castro, Raúl R.; Wong, Victor

doi:10.1785/0220170183

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Here we applied various techniques including template matching, magnitude calibration, earthquake relocation, and spectral ratio analysis to obtain a more complete foreshock catalog. We use continuous waveforms in the SCSN for detection and stations in the SCSN and Red Sísmica del Noroeste de México (RESNOM) network (Vidal‐Villegas et al, 2018) for relocation. We then used the results to better decipher the spatial‐temporal evolution of the foreshock sequence and its role in the nucleation of the EMC mainshock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Investigation of the Foreshock Sequence of the 2010 M_w7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake

et al. 2020

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Foreshocks can provide valuable information about possible nucleation process of a mainshock. However, their physical mechanisms are still under debate. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the earthquake sequence preceding the 2010 M w 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah mainshock, including waveform detection of missing smaller events, relative relocation, and source parameter analysis. Based on a template matching method, we find a tenfold increase in the number of earthquakes than reported in the Southern California Seismic Network catalog. The entire sequence exhibits nearly continuous episodes of foreshocks that can be loosely separated into two active clusters. Relocated foreshocks show several seismicity streaks at depth, with a consistently active cluster at depths between 14 and 16 km where the mainshock was nucleated. Stress drop measurements from a spectral ratio approach based on empirical Green's functions show a range between 3.8 and 41.7 MPa with a median of 13.0 MPa and no clear temporal variations. The relocation results, together with the source patches estimated from earthquake corner frequencies, revealed a migration front toward the mainshock hypocenter within last 8 hr and a chain of active burst immediately 6 min prior to the mainshock. Our results support combined effects of aseismic slip and cascading failure on the evolution of foreshocks. Plain Language Summary The 2010 M w 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah (EMC) earthquake was preceded by a prominent sequence of foreshocks starting~21 days before the mainshock. Several methods based on the similarities of waveforms are applied to obtain spatiotemporal evolution of foreshocks. Ten times more events are found from a template matching method when compared to the SCSN catalog. The refined relative locations reveal two main active clusters in time, as well as two spatial patches with a shallower one to the north of the mainshock epicenter. The depth distribution indicates several linear lines of seismicity, with a consistently active cluster at depths of 14-16 km where mainshock started. An active cluster of foreshocks occurred in the last 6 min. They likely altered the stress state near the hypocenter and ultimately triggered the mainshock. Our analysis indicates that both aseismic slip and cascade triggering processes occurred and contributed to the eventual triggering of the EMC mainshock.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Investigation of the Foreshock Sequence of the 2010 M_w7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake

et al. 2020

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“…A partial solution is proposed through the reconfiguration of datalogger parameters, deploying software upgrades in seismic networks. Other studies by Weber et al [ 29 ], Adams et al [ 30 ], and Vidal et al [ 28 ] described seismic sensors, data-logger components, and methods used in specific networks for real-time monitoring.…”

Section: Methodology Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Information Availability for Seismic and Volcanic Monitoring Systems: A Review

Arrais

Urquiza-Aguiar

Tripp-Barba

2022

Sensors

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Organizations responsible for seismic and volcanic monitoring worldwide mainly gather information from instrumental networks composed of specialized sensors, data-loggers, and transmission equipment. This information must be available in seismological data centers to improve early warning diffusion. Furthermore, this information is necessary for research purposes to improve the understanding of the phenomena. However, the acquisition data systems could have some information gaps due to unstable connections with instrumental networks and repeater nodes or exceeded waiting times in data acquisition processes. In this work, we performed a systematic review around information availability issues and solutions in data acquisition systems, instrumental networks, and their interplay with transmission media for seismic and volcanic monitoring. Based on the SLR methodology proposed by Kitchenham, B., a search string strategy was considered where 1938 articles were found until December 2021. Subsequently, through selection processes, 282 articles were obtained and 51 relevant articles were extracted using filters based on the content of articles mainly referring to seismic–volcanic data acquisition, data formats, monitoring networks, and early warnings. As a result, we identified two independent partial solutions that could complement each other. One focused on extracting information in the acquisition systems corresponding to continuous data generated by the monitoring points through the development of mechanisms for identifying sequential files. The other solution focused on the detection and assessment of the alternative transmission media capabilities available in the seismic–volcanic monitoring network. Moreover, we point out the advantage of a unified solution by identifying data files/plots corresponding to information gaps. These could be recovered through alternate/backup transmission channels to the monitoring points to improve the availability of the information that contributes to real-time access to information from seismic–volcanic monitoring networks, which speeds up data recovery processes.

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“…This centre operates several seismic and accelerographic networks focused on the northwest side of the county. These networks are described by Vidal-Villegas et al (2018). The SSN receives data from six of its broadband stations and sends back data from 10 stations from its Broadband Network to help with regional monitoring.…”

Section: Data Exchange With Other Agenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Servicio Sismológico Nacional, Mexico

Pérez‐Campos¹,

Espíndola²,

Pérez³

et al. 2019

Summ. Bull. Internatl. Seismol. Cent.

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The Northwest Mexico Seismic Network: Real‐Time Seismic Monitoring in Northern Baja California and Northwestern Sonora, Mexico

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Detailed Investigation of the Foreshock Sequence of the 2010 M_w7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake

Detailed Investigation of the Foreshock Sequence of the 2010 M_w7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake

Analysis of Information Availability for Seismic and Volcanic Monitoring Systems: A Review

Servicio Sismológico Nacional, Mexico

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The Northwest Mexico Seismic Network: Real‐Time Seismic Monitoring in Northern Baja California and Northwestern Sonora, Mexico

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Detailed Investigation of the Foreshock Sequence of the 2010 Mw7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake

Detailed Investigation of the Foreshock Sequence of the 2010 Mw7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake

Analysis of Information Availability for Seismic and Volcanic Monitoring Systems: A Review

Servicio Sismológico Nacional, Mexico

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Detailed Investigation of the Foreshock Sequence of the 2010 M_w7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake

Detailed Investigation of the Foreshock Sequence of the 2010 M_w7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake