The Northern Calcareous Alps revisited: Formation of a hyperextended margin and mantle exhumation in the Northern Calcareous Alps sector of the Neo-Tethys (Eastern Alps, Austria)

Strauß, Philipp; Granado, Pablo; Muñoz, Josep Antón; Böhm, Katharina; Schuster, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104488

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Our observations also indicate that the extent of evaporite deformation has been vastly underestimated in the Silica Nappe, and potentially in the paleogeographically related units. Together with observations in the Northern Calcareous Alps, evaporite tectonics seems to extend over a large part of the Neotethyan rifted margin (Fernandez et al, 2021;Granado et al, 2019;Strauss et al, 2023), and the pre-existing salt structures strongly influenced the geometry and kinematics of the Cretaceous shortening.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Even if active extension continued in this area, the underlying evaporites would have decoupled the overlying Mesozoic cover from any crustal‐scale stretching going down in the Paleozoic basement (Jammes et al., 2010). Furthermore, if the Perkupa Evaporite was thick enough and it formed a more or less continuous “sheet” below the whole Mesozoic cover, then the Silica Unit could have begun to gravitationally slide in downslope direction as an extensional allochthon already during the Early Triassic (similarly proposed by Strauss et al., 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…(2021), and Strauss et al. (2023) in the Northern Calcareous Alps; Graham et al. (2012), Célini et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Salt Tectonics Versus Shortening: Recognizing Pre‐Orogenic Evaporite Deformation in Salt‐Bearing Fold‐And‐Thrust Belts on the Example of the Silica Nappe (Inner Western Carpathians)

Oravecz,

Héja,

Fodor

2023

Tectonics

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Recognizing salt‐related structures and differentiating them from tectonic shortening‐related anticlines and synclines can be a very challenging task in salt‐bearing fold‐and‐thrust belts, especially in poor outcrop conditions. In this study, we explain several diagnostic structural and sedimentary features that may be used to distinguish pre‐orogenic halokinetic structures from shortening‐related structures on the example of the Silica Nappe (Inner Western Carpathians, Central Europe). Detailed structural mapping in this area resulted in the recognition of several pre‐orogenic salt‐related structures, including linear salt walls and minibasins. Initial evaporite movement started as early as the late Early Triassic, and widespread diapirism occurred during the Middle to Late Triassic, ultimately leading to facies differentiation, with carbonate platform growth in the subsiding minibasins and reduced basinal deposition on top of the diapirs. Later, the inherited salt structures localized the deformation during the Cretaceous Alpine orogeny, and exerted a strong control on the geometry and kinematics of the subsequent deformations. Our new interpretation explains previously unsolved structural problems in the Silica Nappe, like pre‐orogenic thickness variations during the post‐rift phase, frequent young‐on‐older type thrust contacts and multiple folding directions with variable vergencies. The results point out that the Silica Nappe is a fold‐and‐thrust belt, where pre‐orogenic salt tectonics and its effects on the fold‐and‐thrust belt evolution can be studied in detail.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Salt Tectonics Versus Shortening: Recognizing Pre‐Orogenic Evaporite Deformation in Salt‐Bearing Fold‐And‐Thrust Belts on the Example of the Silica Nappe (Inner Western Carpathians)

Oravecz,

Héja,

Fodor

2023

Tectonics

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“…They comprise Permian to Mesozoic sedimentary sequences of strongly variable thicknesses and facies. These sequences were deposited on the south-facing platform of the Neotethys margin and display a general southward deepening trend (see Strauss et al, 2023 for a recent review of NCA stratigraphy and Section 6.1 for more information on stratigraphy). The Neotethys initiated in the Permian during disintegration of the Permo-Triassic supercontinent Pangea (e.g., de Lamotte et al, 2015;Haas et al, 1995;Schmid et al, 2008Schmid et al, , 2020Schuster & Stüwe, 2008;Strauss et al, 2023;van Hinsbergen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sequences were deposited on the south-facing platform of the Neotethys margin and display a general southward deepening trend (see Strauss et al, 2023 for a recent review of NCA stratigraphy and Section 6.1 for more information on stratigraphy). The Neotethys initiated in the Permian during disintegration of the Permo-Triassic supercontinent Pangea (e.g., de Lamotte et al, 2015;Haas et al, 1995;Schmid et al, 2008Schmid et al, , 2020Schuster & Stüwe, 2008;Strauss et al, 2023;van Hinsbergen et al, 2020). A second oceanic basin, the Penninic Ocean (Alpine Tethys sensu Stampfli et al (1998) and Schmid et al (2004Schmid et al ( , 2008), opened during the Early Jurassic, rifting the Neotethyan margin and separating Europe from Adria (e.g., Froitzheim & Manatschal, 1996;Le Breton et al, 2021;Manatschal et al, 2023;Schaltegger et al, 2002).…”

Section: Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Bohemian Spur on the Cooling and Exhumation Pattern of the Eastern Alpine Wedge of the European Alps

Heberer,

Salcher,

Tari

et al. 2024

Tectonics

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Fold and thrust belt architecture may be influenced by basement geometry of the downgoing plate. This influence is notoriously difficult to assess due to a common lack of subsurface constraints and low resolution of exhumation estimates in space and time. The Bohemian Spur is a basement high at the transition from the Alps to the Carpathians. It coincides with narrowing of the foreland basin and an orogen‐scale change of strike. Its location in one of the best‐studied orogens in the world makes it an ideal case for understanding how basement topography influences fold and thrust belt tectonics. However, since thermochronological studies were mainly focused on the core of the Alps, timing and amount of exhumation remain poorly constrained in these peripheral parts of the orogen. We present new apatite (U‐Th)/He and fission track data from the wedge above the Bohemian Spur. Thermally reset ages monitor a so far un(der)appreciated phase of prominent Late Oligocene to Miocene cooling, associated with crustal thickening, uplift and erosion during wedge propagation. Pronounced exhumation on the order of 3–4.5 km can be related to basement steps beneath the advancing wedge. The spur acted as a buttress for foreland‐propagating thrusting, pinning deformation and nucleating antiformal stacking and duplexing and thus exhumation above it. We illustrate how along‐ and across‐strike changes of sub‐detachment topography impact wedge propagation and control fold and thrust belt geometries. The buttressing effect accounts for most of the exhumation, while deep‐seated slab dynamics are of subordinate importance for wedge uplift.

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Salt-rich versus salt-poor structural scenarios in the central Northern Calcareous Alps: implications for the Hallstatt facies and early Alpine tectonic evolution (Eastern Alps, Austria)

Fernandez,

Ortner,

Sanders

et al. 2024

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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One of the most remarkable features of the central Northern Calcareous Alps (Eastern Alps, Austria) is the widespread presence of Upper Triassic deep-water carbonates (the Hallstatt facies) and Permo-Triassic evaporites resting on deep-water Middle Jurassic strata and their underlying Upper Triassic shallow-water carbonate platform successions. The Hallstatt facies and accompanying evaporites have been classically interpreted to originate either from a location south of the time-equivalent carbonate platforms, or to have been deposited in deeper water seaways within the broad platform domain. To date, this dispute has been addressed mostly through the analysis of Triassic and Jurassic facies distribution in map view, which, however, is subject to some degree of ambiguity and subjectivity. In this contribution we present, for the first time, sequentially restored regional cross-sections through the central Northern Calcareous Alps to understand the implications of the contrasting paleogeographic models. We present (a) an interpretation based on a highly allochthonous origin of the Triassic deep-water units and (b) an interpretation based on their relative autochthony in which we incorporate the potential influence of salt tectonics in the central NCA. The restored cross-sections provide a framework within which the alternative scenarios and their paleogeographic implications can be better understood. Through this analysis we propose that salt tectonics in the central NCA can provide a valid explanation for apparent inconsistencies in the relative autochthony scenario and thus constitutes a reasonable alternative to the currently accepted allochthony scenario. Graphical abstract

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The Northern Calcareous Alps revisited: Formation of a hyperextended margin and mantle exhumation in the Northern Calcareous Alps sector of the Neo-Tethys (Eastern Alps, Austria)

Cited by 6 publications

References 118 publications

Salt Tectonics Versus Shortening: Recognizing Pre‐Orogenic Evaporite Deformation in Salt‐Bearing Fold‐And‐Thrust Belts on the Example of the Silica Nappe (Inner Western Carpathians)

Salt Tectonics Versus Shortening: Recognizing Pre‐Orogenic Evaporite Deformation in Salt‐Bearing Fold‐And‐Thrust Belts on the Example of the Silica Nappe (Inner Western Carpathians)

The Impact of the Bohemian Spur on the Cooling and Exhumation Pattern of the Eastern Alpine Wedge of the European Alps

Salt-rich versus salt-poor structural scenarios in the central Northern Calcareous Alps: implications for the Hallstatt facies and early Alpine tectonic evolution (Eastern Alps, Austria)

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