The North Karelia Youth Project. A community-based intervention study on CVD risk factors among 13- to 15-year-old children: Study design and preliminary findings

Puska, Pekka; Vartiainen, Erkki; Pallonen, Unto E.; Ruotsalainen, Pirjo; Tuomilehto, J; Koskela, Kaj; Lahtinen, Anitta; Norppa, Jaana

doi:10.1016/0091-7435(81)90069-4

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…26 The North Karelia project included schools, health professionals, government and media. 27,28 Also the industry are involved in the Copenhagen City Bike program (http://www.bycyklen.dk/) where a free bike can be borrowed for a city tour.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the field of children and adolescents’ obesity: the European perspective

et al. 2004

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EDITOR'S NOTE:The problem of childhood obesity is accelerating throughout the world. The following is a position paper from The European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) that outlines the nature of the problem of childhood obesity along with treatment and prevention methods available today. The paucity of literature on prevention and treatment of obesity in children as documented in this paper points out the need for much additional research on obesity in children. OBJECTIVES: The awareness of childhood obesity as a major health problem and an uncontrolled worldwide epidemic has to be increased in the society. DESIGN: In order to improve the quality of the health care and to minimize the cost it is important to investigate and standardize pediatric obesity prevention and treatment and to adapt to social and cultural aspects. RESULTS: Obesity is the result of excess body fat. The different norms and definitions in Europe and the US is described and clarified. However, the available methods for the direct measurement of body fat are not easily used in daily practice. For this reason, obesity is often assessed by means of indirect estimates of body fat, that is, anthropometrics. There are essentially six relevant levels, which could be involved in prevention of child and adolescent obesity: family (child, parents, siblings, etc), schools, health professionals, government, industry and media. Evidence-based health promotion programs has to be given a high priority. Government should encourage media increase information about healthy nutrition and to avoid the marketing of unhealthy foods including sweet drinks, for example, in TV. Many different approaches of treatments of obesity have been investigated, including diet, exercise, behavioral therapy, surgery, and medication. None have been found to be effective enough as sole tools in children. This has led to focus on multidisciplinary programs especially involving families. Behavioral cognitive therapy is effective in treating childhood obesity as is family therapy. Surgery and drug treatment cannot be recommended without additional research. Clinicians should consider the various factors that can influence body composition. CONCLUSION: It is important to know and to follow nutritional factors, energy intake and composition of the diet, nutrition and hormonal status, food preferences and behavior, and the influence of non-nutritional factors. We recommend that obesity should be the major priority both in the health care system, on the scientific level and for future political actions.

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Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the field of children and adolescents’ obesity: the European perspective

et al. 2004

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“…Each family had a 13-year-old child at a comprehen sive school and participating in a community health program to influence cardiovascular risk factors in youth [19]. The parents were asked to volunteer for a study where they would be given packs o f 'test salt' for home use and where several urine samples would be collected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Intake Reduction in Volunteer Families by Using a Salt Substitute and Nutrition Counselling

et al. 1981

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A double-blind study on the home use of regular salt (RS) and a salt substitute, called Mineral Salt® (MS), was done in 58 volunteer families all with a 13-year-old child. All the salt used at home was replaced by one of the test salts for 4 months. After the first 2 months the parents were given a 5-hour course on reducing sodium intake by changing food habits. The test salt consumption was measured by weighing the leftover salt after 2 and 4 months. The parents and 13-year-old children collected 24-hour urine samples at the beginning of the study and after 2 and 4 months. The home use of test salt fell from 2.9 to 2.6 g/family member in the RS group (nonsignificant) and from 3.4 to 2.9 g in the MS group (significant at p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant changes in the sodium or potassium urinary outputs during the study. The results indicate that the home use of MS alone or counselling on changing food habits alone or a combination of the two was not effective enough to reduce sodium intake to a degree detectable by the study methods.

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“…The Trim and Fit study involves families, schools, health professionals and government [23]. The North Karelia project included schools, health professionals, government and media [24,25]. In addition, the industry is involved in the Copenhagen City Bike programme (http://www.bycyklen.dk/), where a free bike can be borrowed for a city tour resulting in both exercise for the individual and advertisements for a company on the frames of the bikes.…”

Section: Who Should Act?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child and adolescent obesity: Why we need to fight!

Flodmark¹,

Lissau²,

Pietrobelli³

2005

Acta Paediatrica

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The North Karelia Youth Project. A community-based intervention study on CVD risk factors among 13- to 15-year-old children: Study design and preliminary findings

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

New insights into the field of children and adolescents’ obesity: the European perspective

New insights into the field of children and adolescents’ obesity: the European perspective

Sodium Intake Reduction in Volunteer Families by Using a Salt Substitute and Nutrition Counselling

Child and adolescent obesity: Why we need to fight!

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