The “North American shale composite”: Its compilation, major and trace element characteristics

Gromet, L. Peter; Haskin, L. A.; Korotev, R. L.; Dymek, R. F.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(84)90298-9

Cited by 1,811 publications

(937 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These rocks exhibit nearly flat patterns normalized to the North American Shale Composite (Gromet et al, 1984), supporting this conclusion. The fifth, a North Fork argillite, lacks a typical continental REE signature and is similar to patterns of forearc turbidites in island-arc settings; this chlorite-rich rock is associated with mafic metavolcanic rocks and contains abundant volcanogenic detritus.…”

Section: Bulk-rock Geochemistrysupporting

confidence: 70%

Mesozoic transpression, transtension, subduction and metallogenesis in northern and central California

2008

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Middle Paleozoic to Middle Jurassic terrane assemblies in the Klamaths and Sierran Foothills consist of mafic-ultramafic complexes + fine-grained terrigenous strata derived from previously accreted continental-margin belts. Sutured oceanic terranes reflect c. 230 Myr of margin-parallel slip involving chiefly transtension and transpression. Quartzofeldspathic clastic rocks and blueschists ± eclogites are very rare. Little devolatilization occurred at magmagenic depths; hence, coeval hydrothermal ore deposits and granitoids are uncommon. In contrast, nearly head-on Cretaceous subduction of the Farallon plate generated the massive Klamath-Sierra Nevada volcanicplutonic arc, reflecting dewatering of the eastward descending oceanic lithosphere in the magmagenic zone. Immature Great Valley forearc and Franciscan trench deposits shed from the arc record c. 70 Myr. of rapid crustal growth. Au-bearing solutions rising from magmagenic depths, exsolved from plutons, and expelled from heated wall rocks were mobilized attending arc construction. Precipitation of gold-bearing quartz veins

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Section: Bulk-rock Geochemistrysupporting

confidence: 70%

Mesozoic transpression, transtension, subduction and metallogenesis in northern and central California

2008

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“…2), and two sam ples from the Pomerania re gion in or der to de ter mine vari abil ity in REE con cen tra tion and dis tri bu tion with re spect to min er ali sation zones (Bechtel et al, 2001b Chondrite (McDonough and Sun, 1995), Up per Con ti nen tal Crust (Rudnick and Gao, 2003), World Shale Av er age (Piper, 1974), NASC -North Amer i can Shale Com pos ite (Gromet et al, 1984), PAAS -Post-Archean Aus tra lian Shale (McLennan, 1989), SDO-1 -Black Shales (Huyck, 1989), SDO-1 -Met al lif er ous Black Shales (Huyck, 1989) from the he ma tite, Cu, Zn-Pb, and py rite zones were ex am ined. The high est con tents of REE were found in ox i dized shales (in the range of 99 to 211 ppm, av er age 142 ppm), lower con centra tion in shales with Cu, Pb and Zn min er ali sa tion (69-96 ppm; av er age 83 ppm), and the low est con cen tra tion in py ritic shales (60-65 ppm; av er age 62 ppm).…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on the distribution of rare earth elements in the Kupferschiefer series of SW Poland

Oszczepalski¹,

Chmielewski²,

Mikulski³

2016

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1 Pol ish Geo log i cal In sti tute -Na tional Re search In sti tute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Po land Oszczepalski, S., Chmielewski, A., Mikulski, S.Z., 2016. Con trols on the dis tri bu tion of rare earth el e ments in the Kupferschiefer se ries of SW Po land. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 60 (4): 811-826, doi: 10.7306/gq.1325 This study deals with the spa tial dis tri bu tion and the PAAS-nor mal ized pat terns of rare earth el e ments (REE) stud ied by ICP-MS in the Kupferschiefer se ries of SW Po land. The most char ac ter is tic fea ture is a pro gres sive en rich ment in REE content (in clud ing Y and Sc) out ward from the rocks with py ritic and Pb-Zn min er al isa tion, across the rocks with cop per min er alisa tion, to wards the ox i dized (Rote Fäule) ar eas. The same trend can also be ob served with re spect to LREE, MREE and HREE. Whereas REE dis tri bu tion di a grams for shales with py rite and Pb-Zn min er al isa tion are al most flat, di a grams for shales with he ma tite and cop per min er al isa tion are con vex-up ward and the stron gest con vex ity is at trib uted to the tran si tion from hematitic al ter ation to cop per-rich rocks. REE dis tri bu tion di a grams nor mal ized to PAAS show strong MREE en richment rel a tive to LREE and HREE, which is typ i cally the high est in the he ma tite zone, lower in shale with cop per min er al isation, and the low est in shales with Pb-Zn and py rite min er al isa tion. The sys tem atic in crease in the con cen tra tion of REE to wards the Rote Fäule, and the strong en rich ment in MREE in the tran si tion zone are in dic a tive of vari able in ten sity of leaching and for ma tion of the REE en rich ments (in clud ing MREE) by MREE>HREE>LREE flu ids, as ev i denced by the MREE-enriched sig na tures. Over print ing of sec ond ary en rich ments over the orig i nal REE pat tern due to re dis tri bu tion along the path ways of ex pand ing flu ids are pos tu lated to ac count for the ap par ent dif fer ences in the dis tri bu tion and con cen tra tion of REE (in clud ing the MREE-en riched trend) be tween the ox i dized rocks, cop per-bear ing rocks, and re duced lithologies bar ren in cop per.

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“…For com par i son, the REE con cen tra tions derived from ICP-MS mea sure ments were nor mal ized to North Amer i can Shale Com pos ite (NASC) us ing val ues given by Haskin et al (1968) and Gromet et al (1984). Qual ity con trol included both ac cu racy (CRM) and pre ci sion (trip li cates).…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of gadolinium and europium concentrations as contaminant tracers in the Nida River watershed in south-central Poland

Migaszewski

Gałuszka

2015

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1 Jan Kochanowski Uni ver sity, Fac ulty of Math e mat ics and Nat u ral Sci ences, OEwiêtokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Po land Migaszewski, Z.M., Ga³uszka, A., 2016. The use of gad o lin ium and eu ro pium con cen tra tions as con tam i nant trac ers in the Nida River wa ter shed in south-cen tral Po land. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 60 (1): 67-76, doi: 10.7306/gq.1241 This pa per pres ents the re sults of rare earth el e ment (REE) de ter mi na tions in the Nowiny wastewater treat ment plant (NWWTP) effluents and Nida River sys tem wa ters of the south east ern Kielce Re gion (south-cen tral Po land). Of the REE exam ined, gad o lin ium and eu ro pium turned out to be very use ful for pin point ing anthropogenic and geogenic sources. Anthropogenic gad o lin ium (Gd anth ), used as a con trast ing agent in mag netic res o nance im ag ing (MRI), is re leased from the NWWTP into the river drain age sys tem. This micropollutant is traced down stream over the dis tance of about 15 km. This river stretch is char ac ter ized by a strong pos i tive NASC-nor mal ized Gd anth anom aly with the Gd NASC /Gd NASC * ra tio above 1.1 (1.80-15.57) and the Gd anth in put vary ing from 44 to 94%. Two ad di tional pos i tive Gd anth anom a lies re corded in the rivers Bobrza and Nida point out to mix ing of effluents de rived from the NWWTP and other lo cal wastewater treat ment plants. In con trast, the Gd anth -un con tam i nated wa ters up stream, or down stream far away from the NWWTP dis play a dis tinct pos i tive NASC-nor mal ized Eu anom aly high lighted by a high Eu/Eu* ra tio in the range of 2.87 to 29.70. The lack of Gd anth anom aly upstream from the NWWTP also in di cates that there is no leak age of mu nic i pal sew age from the san i tary col lec tor sewer into the Silnica River. Thus Gd as a con tam i nant may be ef fec tively used as a tracer in sim i lar pol lu tion stud ies be cause it is rel atively sim ple and cost-ef fec tive to dis crim i nate be tween con tam i nant con cen tra tions and nor mal back ground con cen tra tions. Key words: rare earth el e ments, wastewater ef flu ent, Nida River drain age sys tem, anthropogenic gad o lin ium, geogenic euro pium.

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The “North American shale composite”: Its compilation, major and trace element characteristics

Cited by 1,811 publications

References 46 publications

Mesozoic transpression, transtension, subduction and metallogenesis in northern and central California

Mesozoic transpression, transtension, subduction and metallogenesis in northern and central California

Controls on the distribution of rare earth elements in the Kupferschiefer series of SW Poland

The use of gadolinium and europium concentrations as contaminant tracers in the Nida River watershed in south-central Poland

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