The norms of female behavior: traditional and contemporary models

Kletsina, Irina; Ioffe, Elena

doi:10.21064/winrs.2019.3.6

Cited by 5 publications

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“…These include gender, as discussed above, a main sociodemographic characteristic that has important corollaries-namely, regarding the organization of society, which we recommend should change, following the results arrived at in this study. Female citizens have deeper concerns and feelings (are generally less dependent on superficial appearance and superficial intentions, wanting somewhat deeper relationships) while at the same time being less concerned with personal control (are more given to a balanced share of control in safe relationships versus desiring obsessive control in controlling relationships); hence our results are coherent with previous research [72].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A Cross-Sectional Study on Ethical Buyer Behavior towards Cruelty-Free Cosmetics: What Consequences for Female Leadership Practices?

et al. 2022

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This study extends the theory of planned behavior model and examines the humane factors (altruism, environmental knowledge, personal appearance concerns, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms) that shape attitudes and buyer behavior toward cruelty-free cosmetics and the consumer characteristics that reflect their behavior toward such products. Recent global occurrences have affected human behavioral patterns, namely, the COVID-19 pandemic, which we aim to study. Has behavior changed to become more ethical? A survey was carried out involving a sample of 425 Portuguese participants (a feminine culture), following a convenience- and snowball-sampling procedure. Significant correlations were found between environmental knowledge, subjective norms, and buyer behavior toward cruelty-free cosmetics with attitude and environmental knowledge and buyer behavior. Through structural equation modeling to evaluate the conceptual model, a good model fit was found, being that standardized values in the model are significant except for regressions from perceived behavior control and personal appearance concerns to buyer behavior toward cruelty-free cosmetics. Women present higher values than men on attitude, altruism, environmental knowledge, and buyer behavior, in line with what is expected in a traditional and conservative feminine culture such as that to be found in Portugal. Such a result points to the need to promote increased gender equality, for example, in senior leadership roles, as women are seen to have the desirable qualities required for a more sustainable, cruelty-free, and humane society. This is an alert for human-resource managers in the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A Cross-Sectional Study on Ethical Buyer Behavior towards Cruelty-Free Cosmetics: What Consequences for Female Leadership Practices?

et al. 2022

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Professional Thinking and Socio-Psychological Features of Managers in Education

2021

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Introduction. The strategic task of improving the quality of Russian education requires increasing the efficiency of education system management. The authors assume integration of cognitive and personal resources of the subject of activity. The researchers focus on professional thinking as one of the cognitive resources. The aim of the article is to study the relationship between professional thinking and the socio-psychological features of personality. Materials and Methods. The materials of the study were the data of a survey of 65 people. The authors used questionnaires and the method of analyzing problem situations. For statistical processing, the methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results. It is shown that the situational-suprasituational level of thinking is predominant. The relationship between the level of professional thinking and the flexibility of choosing strategies of behavior in conflict and stress is established. There are similarities between the talent pool and managers with experience in conflict and stress behavioral strategies, and differences in management motivations. The new socio-economic reality and changes in the educational environment suggest that the manager should be ready to solve new heterogeneous professional tasks, which require expanding the range of competencies and a different level of reality understanding, integrating their own psychological structures, where professional thinking will play a system-forming role. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained results can be used in solving tasks of the Nation-wide Project “Educationˮ aimed at further training of teaching staff, and in administering the said programs of continuing education.

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Men VS Women: Gender Asymmetry in Age Perceptions of Men and Women of the Same Age

Vorontsova

2022

Social Psychology and Society

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Objective. To describe the specific ways of age perceptions in men and women of the same age. Background. The relevance of the study is grounded in the fundamental nature of age construction due to social perception and the shortage of research on gender-age dimensions of perceived age. Study design. Photos of three pairs of the same aged men/women were presented to age evaluations by between comparison and direct evaluation. Participants. The "Between comparison" subsample consisted of 155 people (109 women, 46 men aged 17-60 years), the "Direct evaluation" subsample consisted of 60 people (47 women, 13 men aged 17-77 years). Measurements. "Photo-video-presentation of appearance" procedure designed by T.A. Vorontsova. Results. Gender asymmetry was found in age perception of men and women: young women are perceived to be older than men of the same ages, mature women are perceived younger. We found that the older the woman, more salient is gender asymmetry in age perception. The age construction of men and women of the same age due to social perception is influenced by age and gender of perceived individual: the greater age difference between perceiving individual and perceived social object, the less the difference in the perceived age of men and women of the same age if the perceived objects are highly older than perceiving subjects. Among male perceiving subjects, we found higher proportion of those who evaluate all women (of any ages) older than men; and among women there are higher proportion of those who evaluate any male older than females. Actualization of different mechanisms of social cognition (comparison and evaluation) when constructing the perceived age of unfamiliar men and women gives similar results. Conclusions. Gender-specific patterns of the construction of perceived age in the perception of men and women of the same age are found, due to gender stereotypes and related practices of caring for their appearance: mature women look younger than their male peers, equalizing their capabilities and resources with a more youthful appearance; young women look older than their male peers, demonstrating maturity associated with an older perceived age.

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The norms of female behavior: traditional and contemporary models

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A Cross-Sectional Study on Ethical Buyer Behavior towards Cruelty-Free Cosmetics: What Consequences for Female Leadership Practices?

A Cross-Sectional Study on Ethical Buyer Behavior towards Cruelty-Free Cosmetics: What Consequences for Female Leadership Practices?

Professional Thinking and Socio-Psychological Features of Managers in Education

Men VS Women: Gender Asymmetry in Age Perceptions of Men and Women of the Same Age

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