The “Normalization” of Intersex Bodies and “Othering” of Intersex Identities in Australia

Carpenter, Morgan

doi:10.1007/s11673-018-9855-8

Cited by 91 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The procedure necessitates longterm hormone replacement and may also sterilize women. The partial clitoridectomies were unnecessary, unrelated to the regulation, and are part of a treatment paradigm that has long been challenged by intersex advocates and the human rights system (Human Rights Commission of the City and County of San Francisco 2005; Karkazis 2008;Carpenter 2016).…”

Section: Bwhat Else the Athlete Must Do To Qualify^: Medically Unnecementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Placing the athletes into them is a public judgement on the sex and gender identity of the athletes. Recent changes outside sport that allow for additional legal sex categories were not intended by their proponents to be coercively applied to women or men (Carpenter 2018a), but the IAAF regulations make such categories function as an incentive to comply with medical interventions to lower testosterone. The regulations deploy an outdated interventionist clinical framework, enforcing narrowed gender norms (Carpenter 2018a) but now accommodating a third sex as punishment for those who resist medicalization of their bodies (Carpenter 2018b).…”

Section: Compete With Men or In An Intersex Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impossible “Choices”: The Inherent Harms of Regulating Women’s Testosterone in Sport

Karkazis

Carpenter

2018

Bioethical Inquiry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In April 2018, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) released new regulations placing a ceiling on women athletes' natural testosterone levels to "ensure fair and meaningful competition." The regulations revise previous ones with the same intent. They require women with higher natural levels of testosterone and androgen sensitivity who compete in a set of "restricted" events to lower their testosterone levels to below a designated threshold. If they do not lower their testosterone, women may compete in the male category, in an intersex category, at the national level, or in unrestricted events. Women may also challenge the regulation, whether or not they have lowered their testosterone, or quit sport. Irrespective of IAAF's stated aims, the options forced by the new regulations are impossible choices. They violate dignity, threaten privacy, and mete out both suspicion and judgement on the sex and gender identity of the athletes regulated.

show abstract

Section: Bwhat Else the Athlete Must Do To Qualify^: Medically Unnecementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compete With Men or In An Intersex Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impossible “Choices”: The Inherent Harms of Regulating Women’s Testosterone in Sport

Karkazis

Carpenter

2018

Bioethical Inquiry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While changes can be seen in certain arenas of intersex medical treatment (primarily regarding communication), key rights concerns such as unnecessary childhood medical procedures undoubtedly continued to be practiced across most of the globe (see Carpenter , Monro et al . ).…”

Section: Pushing For Human Rights Framingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Butler ), in the political arena, framing intersex rights within the LGBT rights struggle umbrella can create tension and confusion for intersex activists, patient advocates, MPs and policymakers alike (see Bauer et al . , Carpenter , Cools et al . ).…”

Section: ‘It's Not Our Focus’ Variation‐specific Patient Group Perspmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Davis () argues that the new term consolidated medical authority over VSC as something that needed fixing, an idea that had been threatened by intersex activism. VSC is also used in human rights work (as well as in some policy circles) with the aim of establishing ‘sex characteristics’ as a protected legal category that can only be modified by consent of the individual concerned, and not parents (see Carpenter ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

‘You're basically calling doctors torturers’: stakeholder framing issues around naming intersex rights claims as human rights abuses

Crocetti

Arfini

Monro

et al. 2020

Sociology Health & Illness

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this article we address activist, patient advocate and medic perspectives on framing intersex, variations of sex characteristics and disorders/differences in sex development medical treatment as human rights abuses. Problematic aspects of intersex medical treatment have increasingly been highlighted in national debates and international human rights bodies. Some intersex activists have framed aspects of intersex medical treatment as human rights abuses since the 1990s. Other stakeholders in shaping medical treatment, such as patient advocates and medical professionals, are not always content with human rights framing, or even the term intersex. In order to address the different perspectives in this arena we provide background on the primary rights claims that have arisen followed by key human rights framing of these claims. We provide a short discussion of activism styles, looking at pan-intersex social movements and variation-specific patient associations as different styles of health social movements. The analysis of stakeholder perspectives on the use of human rights strategy in health areas provides a useful case study for medical sociology and policy in general.

show abstract

Enhancing intersex healthcare: A qualitative study of parental perspectives on the role of genetics

Horowitz,

Zayhowski,

Palmour

et al. 2024

Journal of Genetic Counseling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intersex individuals, encompassing people with diverse sex characteristics that do not fit binary frameworks of sex, have long faced a history of medical secrecy, discrimination, and societal stigma, contributing to their limited social visibility. In recent years, increased awareness of intersex issues and a robust advocacy movement have drawn significant attention to the experiences of intersex individuals and their families. This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the experiences and needs of parents of intersex individuals within genetic healthcare systems, bridging a critical gap, and advocating for more comprehensive and supportive healthcare practices. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 parents of intersex individuals, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to inductively generate four major themes. Themes highlighted the need for improved accessibility of intersex healthcare, the importance of multidisciplinary healthcare teams, and the significance of clinical diagnosis provided by genetics professionals. Furthermore, the study highlighted the necessity of a thoughtful approach to information provision and the impact of genetic investigations on family dynamics. Genetics professionals can play a pivotal role in raising awareness about intersex variations, improving diagnostic processes, collaborating within healthcare teams, and providing specialized support to address psychosocial concerns. The study underscores the importance of treating families as a collective entity and addressing the impact of genetic investigations on the family unit. By addressing the challenges and implementing the recommendations outlined, healthcare institutions can create a more compassionate, inclusive, and effective healthcare environment for the intersex community.

show abstract

The “Normalization” of Intersex Bodies and “Othering” of Intersex Identities in Australia

Cited by 91 publications

References 21 publications

Impossible “Choices”: The Inherent Harms of Regulating Women’s Testosterone in Sport

Impossible “Choices”: The Inherent Harms of Regulating Women’s Testosterone in Sport

‘You're basically calling doctors torturers’: stakeholder framing issues around naming intersex rights claims as human rights abuses

Enhancing intersex healthcare: A qualitative study of parental perspectives on the role of genetics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About