The Normal Vulva, Vulvar Examination, and Evaluation Tools

Sacher, Bina Cohen

doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000123

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The decision to take a punch biopsy before the excision of a vulvar mass should also be considered. A biopsy would be less invasive, although there may be sampling and interpretation errors [ 12 ]. Given the soft, spongiform, and benign-appearing nature of the lesions in our patient, the decision was made to excise them with margins less than 1 cm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy-unrelated fibroadenoma in ectopic breast tissue in the axilla and vulva: A case report

Lopez¹,

Manandhar

Dubow³

2020

Case Reports in Women's Health

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Although ectopic breast tissue is rare in the general population, it is important to consider when investigating an axillary or vulvar mass. Ectopic breast tissue most commonly occurs postpartum but is not exclusive to that period. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman with ectopic breast tissue in multiple sites, including the axilla and vulva. The patient initially presented with a painless right axillary mass; it was excised and diagnosed as a fibroadenoma. She was then diagnosed with fibroadenoma of the vulva four years later. While ectopic breast tissue is most commonly found in the postpartum period it can occur outside of pregnancy. Therefore it should be included in the differential diagnoses for axillary or vulvar masses. Additionally, it is important to monitor women with ectopic breast tissue, particularly in the vulva, for recurrence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy-unrelated fibroadenoma in ectopic breast tissue in the axilla and vulva: A case report

Lopez¹,

Manandhar

Dubow³

2020

Case Reports in Women's Health

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“…72 Of note, the nerves and vasculature of the labia minora travel within interstitial connective tissue, which is nonerectile. [79][80][81] The bulbocavernosus muscles are positioned like parentheses deep to the labia majora, uniting posteriorly to form part of the bulk of the perineal body. The medial transverse superficial perineal muscles, arising from the ischial tuberosities, contribute the remaining bulk.…”

Section: Nerve Supply Vasculature and Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…72 Of note, the nerves and vasculature of the labia minora travel within interstitial connective tissue, which is nonerectile. 79–81…”

Section: Nerve Supply Vasculature and Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Safe Practice of Female Genital Plastic Surgery

Furnas

Canales²,

Pedreira

et al. 2021

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Summary: The purpose of this article is to guide surgeons in the safe practice of female genital plastic surgery when the number of such cases is steadily increasing. A careful review of salient things to look for in the patient’s motivation, medical history, and physical examination can help the surgeon wisely choose best candidates. The anatomy is described, with particular attention given to the variations not generally described in textbooks or articles. Descriptions are included for labiaplasty, including clitoral hood reduction, majoraplasty, monsplasty, and perineoplasty with vaginoplasty. Reduction of anesthetic risks, deep venous thromboses, and pulmonary emboli are discussed, with special consideration for avoidance of nerve injury and compartment syndrome. Postoperative care of a variety of vulvovaginal procedures is discussed. Videos showing anatomic variations and surgical techniques of common female genital procedures with recommendations to reduce the complication rate are included in the article.

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“…The lymph nodes of vulva drain to the external iliac lymph nodes via inguinal lymph nodes. The area is extremely vascular [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depigmentation’s Disorders of the Vulva, Clinical Management

Tsikouras¹,

Anthoulaki²,

Deftereou³

et al. 2019

Depigmentation

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The cancer of the vulva is a rare disease with a positive association to poor developing countries. However, the incidence of vulvar cancer in situ nearly doubled in the last two decades and remained relatively stable. The main reason for this increased incidence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) in women younger than 45 years is due to changes in sexual behavior, first intercourse at early age, multiple sexual partners, and sexually transmitted diseases that were increasing progressively. Furthermore, it is strongly associated with smoking and the increased incidence of HPV infection. The occurrence of early symptoms of VINlike pruritus vulvae, pain, and lichen sclerosus led to early diagnosis to perform the adequate treatment. VIN tends to appear multifocal, while most invasive cancers are unilateral located and appeared with well-circumscribed lesions.

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The Normal Vulva, Vulvar Examination, and Evaluation Tools

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Pregnancy-unrelated fibroadenoma in ectopic breast tissue in the axilla and vulva: A case report

Pregnancy-unrelated fibroadenoma in ectopic breast tissue in the axilla and vulva: A case report

The Safe Practice of Female Genital Plastic Surgery

Depigmentation’s Disorders of the Vulva, Clinical Management

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