The normal vulva in medical textbooks

Andrikopoulou, Maria; Michala, Lina; Creighton, SM; Lm, Liao

doi:10.3109/01443615.2013.807782

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, the literature is inconsistent regarding the description and definition of “normal” size and distribution. A study published in 2013 examined information on female genital morphology in medical textbooks and identified the absence of accurate and consistent descriptions of normal female genitalia (Andrikopoulou et al, ).…”

Section: The Normal External Female Genitaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐coital genital injury in healthy women: A review

Astrup

Lykkebo

2014

Clinical Anatomy

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Female genital injury following penile sexual intercourse in healthy women is a matter of importance and debate in many parts of society. However, the literature on the subject is sparse. There are a few studies regarding minor injury that does not require treatment in adult, pre-menopausal women, a single study of adolescent women, and none regarding post-menopausal women. Larger lesions requiring treatment are described casuistically. The purpose of this article is to provide a short, easy-to-read review of the literature regarding the prevalence and nature of female genital injury following consensual sexual intercourse in otherwise healthy women.

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Section: The Normal External Female Genitaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐coital genital injury in healthy women: A review

Astrup

Lykkebo

2014

Clinical Anatomy

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“…Accurate and detailed descriptions of the external female genitalia are rare and thus reproducible definitions concerning the ‘normal’ appearance of the vulva are still being debated. Even most medical textbooks lack information of vulvar morphology . In defining a ‘normal’ appearance today, we are using limited data from the beginning of the 20th century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of a ‘normal vulva’ in women aged 15–84: a cross‐sectional prospective single‐centre study

Kreklau

Vaz

Oehme

et al. 2018

BJOG

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“…GPs can reassure women, but only if they themselves are confident of normality. As depictions of genital anatomy are sparse in the medical literature, 24 it is not surprising that only 75% of GPs were confident in evaluating normality of female genital anatomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female genital cosmetic surgery: a cross-sectional survey exploring knowledge, attitude and practice of general practitioners

2016

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ObjectiveTo explore general practitioner's (GP) knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) in Australia.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingAustralia.SampleGPs who attended a women's health seminar and GPs who subscribed to a non-governmental, national health professional organisation database that provides education to primary care professionals.MethodA national online survey of GPs was conducted for the 10-week period, starting 1 week prior and 2 months after a Women's Health seminar was held in Perth on 8 August 2015. 31 questions prompted GPs' knowledge, attitudes and practice in managing patients asking about FGCS.ResultsThe survey was fully completed by 443 GPs; 54% had seen patients requesting FGCS. Overall, 75% (95% CI 71% to 79%) of GPs rated their knowledge of FGCS as inadequate and 97% (95% CI 94% to 99%) had been asked by women of all ages about genital normality. Of those who had seen patients requesting FGCS, nearly half (44%, 95% CI 38% to 51%) reported they had insufficient knowledge of risks of FGCS procedures and 35% (95% CI 29% to 41%) reported seeing females younger than 18 years of age requesting FGCS. Just over half (56%, 95% CI 51% to 60%) of the GPs felt that women should be counselled before making a referral for FGCS. More than half the GPs suspected psychological disturbances in their patients requesting FGCS such as depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties and body dysmorphic disorder.ConclusionsGPs see women of all ages presenting with genital anatomy concerns and in those who request FGCS, GPs often suspected a range of mental health difficulties. GPs require greater education to support their patients who request FGCS.

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The normal vulva in medical textbooks

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Post‐coital genital injury in healthy women: A review

Post‐coital genital injury in healthy women: A review

Measurements of a ‘normal vulva’ in women aged 15–84: a cross‐sectional prospective single‐centre study

Female genital cosmetic surgery: a cross-sectional survey exploring knowledge, attitude and practice of general practitioners

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