The normal radiological anteroposterior alignment of the lower limb in children

Abstract

In general, the received values were concordant to results of other studies. It concerned the MAD, aLDFA, aMPTA and angle between the mechanical limb axis and anatomic femoral axis. This is the first chronological evaluation of aMPFA and aLDTA from a relavively large series of patients. These normative data should be taken into consideration when evaluating lower limb alignment in children or applied in practice for planning and evaluation of the quality of surgical correction of complex deformities.

Results of deformity correction in children with X-linked hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets by external fixation or combined technique

“…-Age at the beginning of a staged surgical treatment -Extent and location of the deformity, also mechanical axis deviation (MAD), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), angulations at a level of femoral and tibial diaphysis [25,26] -Type of operation, number and levels of osteotomies, immediate or gradual character of osteotomies -Duration of the external osteosynthesis -Number and character of complications, and their outcome -Classification of results according to Lascombes [27] was used for 10-12 months after treatment -Deformity recurrence in long-term follow-up Weight-bearing full-length anteroposterior radiographs of the entire lower extremities were taken in a standing position with the patella centred forward, and lateral radiographs of each segment with adjacent joints were obtained. The torsional deformations were assessed by clinical and radiological examination in all patients.…”

Morphology and Anatomic Patellar Instability Risk Factors in First-Time Traumatic Lateral Patellar Dislocations: A Prospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Skeletally Immature Children

“…As the child grows the femoral anteversion decreases and it is accompanied by a decrease in internal hip rotation. 117,143 Physes mediate the longitudinal growth of the axial skeleton, and are at risk for injuries during childhood, which can result in growth disturbance. During puberty, there is a growth spurt and the physeal closure occurs at approximately 14 and 16 years of age for girls and boys, respectively.…”

Updates on preoperative planning, limb deformity analysis and surgical correction for the growing children

“…Imaging studies include full-length standing X-rays in all relevant planes, and additional imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may add information on bone morphology and growth plates’ anatomy [3]. …”