The Normal Kidney Growth Rate During Year 1 of Life Is Variable and Age Dependent

Mesrobian, Hrair-George O.; Laud, Prakash; Todd, Eric; Gregg, David C.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)62677-6

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the kidney contralateral to UUO, the rate can be 5 mm/month in the first 7 months, and 2 mm/month thereafter [26]. In the present study, the rate of renal growth in the normal rat increased with age, with an even greater increase resulting from contralateral UUO.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Compensatory renal growth due to neonatal ureteral obstruction: implications for clinical studies

et al. 2005

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In response to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the contralateral kidney undergoes compensatory renal growth, which is enhanced in early development. We investigated the renal growth response to UUO in the neonatal rat. Within 2 days of birth, animals were subjected to sham-operation, complete UUO, or variable partial UUO, and kidneys were harvested 3-60 days later. Contralateral kidney weight increased after only 7 days of complete UUO. Increase in contralateral kidney weight was not significant for partial UUO until 45 days, but kidney/body weight ratio increased after only 14 days of 0.3 mm partial UUO. The rate of contralateral renal growth increased with age and with increasing severity of UUO. In rats subjected to 45 days UUO, glomerular area was proportional to kidney/body weight ratio (r =0.61, p <0.01). We conclude that the rate of compensatory renal growth is dependent on the severity and duration of obstruction, and takes place at the single nephron level. The results suggest that biologic variability limits the early detection of compensatory renal growth, which is compounded by limitations in measuring renal size by clinical imaging. Factoring kidney length (or volume) by intervertebral length (or body surface area) should improve the precision of tracking renal growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The rate of human renal growth is age-dependent, with a rapid rate at birth (3 mm/month), which decreases gradually during the first 7 months to 0.25 mm/month and remains constant thereafter [26]. In the kidney contralateral to UUO, the rate can be 5 mm/month in the first 7 months, and 2 mm/month thereafter [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory renal growth due to neonatal ureteral obstruction: implications for clinical studies

et al. 2005

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“…Most previous references for kidney size in children beyond the neonatal period have been based on data from pediatric patients suffering from non-nephro-urological diseases [16,29,30,32,57,58,59,60], or the recruiting procedures have not been clearly described [27,28,31,61]. It has been postulated that metabolic rate sets glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [62], and a positive correlation between glomerular size and metabolic rate has been described [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney growth in 717 healthy children aged 0?18�months: a longitudinal cohort study

et al. 2004

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Kidney size is an important parameter in the evaluation of children with renal disease. However, reference materials for kidney size in healthy children have been limited beyond the neonatal period. We performed a longitudinal cohort study of 717 healthy children born at term with normal birth weight. Kidney size and shape were determined by ultrasonography and related to gender, age, and body size (weight, length, body surface area, skinfold thickness) at 0, 3, and 18 months of age. Gender-differentiated reference charts were established. Boys had significantly larger kidney volumes than girls ( P<0.001) and larger relative volumes (kidney volume/weight) at 0 and 3 months ( P<0.001), but not at 18 months of age. The best single predictor of gender-differentiated kidney volume was weight. Relative kidney volume changed with increasing age and height in a two-phase pattern: an initial decrease until a height of 65-70 cm was reached followed by a stable level. In conclusion, kidney size was significantly influenced by gender, age, and body composition. Relative kidney volume decreased with increasing age and height in a two-phase pattern. These characteristic changes in kidney volume indicated that infant kidney growth might be influenced by sex steroids and growth hormone in addition to body composition.

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“…The precise time point during life at which hypertrophy and the ensuing renal damage occur is not known [6,10,11]. Renal size, as estimated by ultrasography (US), may be a potential surrogate measure for nephron numbers and also an indirect index of accelerated renal growth under a variety of clinical conditions [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney growth in small-for-gestational-age infants: evidence of early accelerated renal growth

Giapros

Drougia

Hotoura

et al. 2006

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

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Background. Very few data are available on longitudinal renal growth in small for gestational age (SGA) infants born at term. The aim of this prospective study was to estimate comparatively the renal growth in SGA infants and in infants born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) during the first 2 years of life. Methods. The study comprised groups of SGA and AGA infants with a gestational age (GA) of 36-41 weeks. The SGA group was classified into two subgroups of symmetrical and asymmetrical neonates according to the ponderal index. Serial renal ultrasonography (US) was performed at the ages of 41 weeks corrected age [GA (in weeks) plus age after birth (in weeks)] and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of chronological age and kidney length (KL) was related to other anthropometric indices. Results. A total of 312 infants participated in the study out of which 197 were SGA, and a total number of 802 measurements were performed. The symmetrical SGA infants and, to a lesser degree, the asymmetrical SGA infants had smaller kidneys at birth compared with the AGA infants (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The symmetrical SGA infants had a lower body weight (BW) (P < 0.001, P < 0.01) and crown-heel length (CHL) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) than controls at the ages of 12 and 24 months of chronological age. The asymmetrical SGA infants had a lower BW (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) than controls at the ages of 12 and 24 months of chronological age. On the contrary, the KL in both SGA groups was not different from that of the AGA infants after the 41st week of corrected age and up to the 2nd year of life. Conclusion. SGA term infants had shorter KL at birth compared with AGA infants but a similar length from the 3rd to the 24th month of life. Early catch-up kidney growth was observed in both SGA groups and is more prominent in the symmetrical SGA infants. This observation may represent either an accelerated renal maturation process or early compensatory kidney hypertrophy in this group of infants.

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The Normal Kidney Growth Rate During Year 1 of Life Is Variable and Age Dependent

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Compensatory renal growth due to neonatal ureteral obstruction: implications for clinical studies

Compensatory renal growth due to neonatal ureteral obstruction: implications for clinical studies

Kidney growth in 717 healthy children aged 0?18�months: a longitudinal cohort study

Kidney growth in small-for-gestational-age infants: evidence of early accelerated renal growth

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