The normal internal carotid artery: a computed tomography angiographic study

Koskinen, Suvi; Soinne, Lauri; Valanne, Leena; Silvennoinen, Heli

doi:10.1007/s00234-014-1394-3

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The present study used 3D-DSA to obtain the range, 95% confidence interval, and mean values for the inner diameters of the proximal CS, CS bulge, distal CS, and CCA. The values obtained in this analysis (see Table 2) were generally smaller than those reported by previous studies using CTA [22,23], ultrasonography [24][25][26][27], and MRA [28]. There are several possible reasons for the apparent discrepancy between our findings and those of previous investigations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Inner diameters of the normal carotid arteries measured using three-dimensional digital subtraction catheter angiography: a retrospective analysis

et al. 2021

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Purpose To obtain normal ranges for the inner diameters of the carotid arteries. Methods This retrospective analysis included consecutive patients with disease-free carotid arteries who had undergone 3D-DSA at two hospitals in Nanning, Guangxi, between March 2013 and March 2018. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS), were extracted from the medical records. The 3D-DSA data were used to calculate the inner diameters of the carotid arteries. Results The analysis included 1182 patients (837 males) aged 58.81 ± 11.02 years. The inner diameters of the proximal carotid sinus (CS), CS bulge, distal CS, and common carotid artery (CCA) were larger on the right than on the left (P < 0.05). The inner diameters of the proximal CS, CS bulge, distal CS, and CCA on both sides were larger for males than females (P < 0.05). The inner diameters of the proximal CS, CS bulge, and distal CS on both sides were smaller for patients aged > 65 years than for patients aged ≤ 55 years (P < 0.05). Right CCA inner diameter did not vary with age, whereas left CCA inner diameter was larger for patients aged > 55 years than for patients aged ≤ 45 years (P < 0.05). The inner diameters of the proximal CS, CS bulge, and distal CS on both sides were smaller for patients with ESRS ≥ 3 than those with ESRS < 3 (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study provides reference values for the internal diameters of normal carotid arteries. Carotid artery diameters varied with side, sex, and age.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Inner diameters of the normal carotid arteries measured using three-dimensional digital subtraction catheter angiography: a retrospective analysis

et al. 2021

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“…If a patient had contraindications for CTA, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the carotid arteries was performed instead. The Meilahti HUS CTA protocol has been described in detail previously ( 24 ). Representative CTA images of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the common carotid artery (CCA) calcification are shown in Figures 1A,B .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warfarin Treatment Is Associated to Increased Internal Carotid Artery Calcification

et al. 2021

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Background: Long-term treatment with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin is widely used for the prevention of venous thrombosis and thromboembolism. However, vitamin K antagonists may promote arterial calcification, a phenomenon that has been previously studied in coronary and peripheral arteries, but not in extracranial carotid arteries. In this observational cohort study, we investigated whether warfarin treatment is associated with calcification of atherosclerotic carotid arteries.Methods: Overall, 500 consecutive patients underwent carotid endarterectomy, 82 of whom had received long-term warfarin therapy. The extent of calcification was assessed with preoperative computed tomography angiography, and both macroscopic morphological grading and microscopic histological examination of each excised carotid plaque were performed after carotid endarterectomy.Results: Compared with non-users, warfarin users had significantly more computed tomography angiography-detectable vascular calcification in the common carotid arteries (odds ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.51–4.63, P < 0.001) and even more calcification in the internal carotid arteries near the bifurcation (odds ratio 18.27, 95% confidence interval 2.53–2323, P < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed that the intramural calcified area in plaques from warfarin users was significantly larger than in plaques from non-users (95% confidence interval 3.36–13.56, P = 0.0018).Conclusions: Long-lasting warfarin anticoagulation associated with increased calcification of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, particularly in locations known to be the predilection sites of stroke-causing plaques. The clinical significance of this novel finding warrants further investigations.

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“…The left ICA luminal diameter is shown to be about 2.9 mm and the right is about 2.6 mm in this case, both sides of the ICA measure 4.0 ± 0.4 mm in the general female population. 5 The three main vessels originating from the aortic arch convex and their arrangement is significantly different from the normal population, the CCAs sharing the common trunk located at the top right.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual variation of carotid-vertebrobasilar arteries: An anatomical case report

Shikui

2016

Neuroradiol J

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The normal internal carotid artery: a computed tomography angiographic study

Abstract: The intrinsic intra-individual variation of the LD of normal ICA is minimal. This uniformity may serve as the basis for detection of subtle grades of side-to-side variation caused by pathology.

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Inner diameters of the normal carotid arteries measured using three-dimensional digital subtraction catheter angiography: a retrospective analysis

Inner diameters of the normal carotid arteries measured using three-dimensional digital subtraction catheter angiography: a retrospective analysis

Warfarin Treatment Is Associated to Increased Internal Carotid Artery Calcification

An unusual variation of carotid-vertebrobasilar arteries: An anatomical case report

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