The Normal Impact of Age and Gender on Right Heart Structure and Function

Henein, Michael Y.; Waldenström, Anders; Mörner, Stellan; Lindqvist, Per

doi:10.1111/echo.12289

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies use age, height, body weight, or BSA as an independent variable to predict the dimensions of cardiac structures . Henein et al also studied the right heart structures of normal children and demonstrated that age and sex have significant impact on right heart structure and function. Pettersen et al demonstrated that the size of the various cardiac structures were also related to BSA, but the result was different from ours, and they only studied part of the right heart structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the pediatric age group (<18 years), right heart dimensions increase with biometric data from birth to adulthood . Determination of right heart size requires its normalization to body surface area (BSA), which is commonly performed by calculating z scores .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Regression equations for calculation ofzscores for echocardiographic measurements of right heart structures in healthy Han Chinese children

Wang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2017

J. Clin. Ultrasound

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Regression equations for calculation ofzscores for echocardiographic measurements of right heart structures in healthy Han Chinese children

Wang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2017

J. Clin. Ultrasound

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show abstract

“…Gender differences in echocardiographic measures of ventricular size and function have been well described in healthy populations (Kaku et al, 2011;Cheng et al, 2013;Maffessanti et al, 2013;Henein et al, 2014;Kou et al, 2014;Lang et al, 2015), but the disparity in relation to gender has not been studied in the transplant setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of gender on echocardiographic characteristics in heart transplant recipients

Ingvarsson

Werther-Evaldsson

Smith

et al. 2019

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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Summary Aims Assessment following heart transplantation (HTx) is routinely performed using transthoracic echocardiography. Differences in long‐term mortality following HTx related to donor‐recipient matching have been reported, but effects of gender on cardiac size and function are not well studied. The aims of this study were to evaluate differences in echocardiographic characteristics of HTx recipients defined by gender. Methods and results The study prospectively enrolled 123 (n = 34 female) HTx recipients of which 23 recipients was donor‐recipient gender mismatched. Patients were examined with 2‐dimensional echocardiography using Philips iE33 ultrasound system. Data were analysed across strata based on recipient gender and gender mismatch. Male recipients had larger left ventricular (LV) mass, thicker septal wall (P<0·001) and larger absolute LV volumes (P<0·001). Mean LV ejection fraction (EF) was higher in females (P<0·05), but no differences in conventional parameters of right ventricular (RV) function were found. Ventricular strain was higher in females than in males: LV global longitudinal strain (P<0·01), RV global longitudinal strain (P<0·05) and RV lateral free wall (P<0·05). The male group receiving a female donor heart had comparable EF and strain parameters to the female group receiving a gender‐matched heart. Conclusion We found that female recipient gender was associated with smaller chamber size, higher LV EF and better LV and RV longitudinal strain. Gender‐mismatched male recipients appeared to exhibit function parameters similar to gender‐matched female recipients. Our results indicate that the gender aspect, analogous to current reference guidelines in general population, should be taken into consideration when examining patients post‐HTx.

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“…Women with systolic heart failure have a better prognosis than men [ 1 ], particularly in the case of non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy [ 1 , 2 ], but the causes of this difference remain unknown [ 3 ]. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction has been associated with impaired exercise capacity and higher mortality in patients with systolic heart failure [ 3 – 11 ], and gender-related differences in RV function in healthy subjects have been suggested [ 12 – 14 ], with higher values of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) in females compared with males [ 5 , 12 , 14 ] in spite of a similar left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [ 14 ]. Also, it has been previously reported that women with systolic heart failure less often present with RV dysfunction than men [ 15 , 16 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in right ventricular function in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy

et al. 2015

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AimTo evaluate sex-related differences in right ventricular (RV) function, assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, in patients with stable non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy.MethodsProspective multicentre study. We included 71 patients (38 men) and 14 healthy volunteers.ResultsMean age was 60.9 ± 12.2 years. Men presented higher levels of haemoglobin and white blood cell counts than women, and performed better in cardiopulmonary stress testing. A total of 24 patients (12 women) presented severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, 32 (13 female) moderate and 15 (8 women) mild LV systolic dysfunction. In the group with severe LV systolic dysfunction, average right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was normal in women (52 ± 4 %), whereas it was reduced in men (39 ± 3 %) p = 0.035. Only one woman (8 %) had severe RV systolic dysfunction (RVEF < 35 %) compared with 6 men (50 %) p < 0.001. In patients with moderate and mild LV dysfunction , the mean RVEF was normal in both men and women. In the 14 healthy volunteers, the lowest value of RVEF was 48 % and mean RVEF was normal in women (56 ± 2 %) and in men (51 ± 1 %), p = 0.08.ConclusionsIn patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, RV systolic dysfunction is found mainly in male patients with severe LV systolic dysfunction.

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The Normal Impact of Age and Gender on Right Heart Structure and Function

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Regression equations for calculation ofzscores for echocardiographic measurements of right heart structures in healthy Han Chinese children

Regression equations for calculation ofzscores for echocardiographic measurements of right heart structures in healthy Han Chinese children

Impact of gender on echocardiographic characteristics in heart transplant recipients

Gender differences in right ventricular function in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy

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